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We observed instances of cannibalism (intraspecific predation) among intra-instar larvae of Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 while performing a bioassay of Lysinibacillus sphaericus (formerly named Bacillus sphaericus) larvicide, when the larvae were exposed to the larvicide for 48 h in the absence of food. Larvae without symptoms of poisoning attacked and devoured those visibly affected. Cannibalism was more prevalent in 1st-2nd instar larvae than in 3rd-4th instar. This phenomenon should be taken into account when interpreting the results of larvicide bioassays, especially when the exposure lasts over 24 h. The necessity of creating optimal conditions for organisms tested is emphasised.

MeSH
Bacillaceae chemie MeSH
Culex účinky léků růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
insekticidy aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
kanibalismus MeSH
larva účinky léků růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
věkové faktory MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH

Článek

Metody aplikace tekutých formulací insekticidů

Stejskal, Václav, 1963-
Autor Autorita ORCID Výzkumný ústav rostlinné výroby, v.v.i

Dezinfekce, dezinsekce, deratizace. 2019 ; 28 (2) : 71-74.

ISSN 1212-4257
Medvik
Zdroj

Článek

Field evaluation of a 0.005% fipronil bait, orally administered to Rhombomys opimus, for control of fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) and phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Central Asian Republic of Kazakhstan

PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2018 ; 12 (7) : e0006630. [pub] 20180725

PLoS negl. trop. dis.
ISSN 1935-2735
Medvik
Zdroj

Plague (Yersinia pestis) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania major) are two rodent-associated diseases which are vectored by fleas and phlebotomine sand flies, respectively. In Central Asia, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) serves as the primary reservoir for both diseases in most natural foci. The systemic insecticide fipronil has been previously shown to be highly effective in controlling fleas and sand flies. However, the impact of a fipronil-based rodent bait, on flea and sand fly abundance, has never been reported in Central Asia. A field trial was conducted in southeastern Kazakhstan to evaluate the efficacy of a 0.005% fipronil bait, applied to gerbil burrows for oral uptake, in reducing Xenopsylla spp. flea and Phlebotomus spp. sand fly abundance. All active gerbil burrows within the treated area were presented with ~120 g of 0.005% fipronil grain bait twice during late spring/early summer (June 16, June 21). In total, 120 occupied and 14 visited gerbil colonies were surveyed and treated, and the resulting application rate was minimal (~0.006 mg fipronil/m2). The bait resulted in 100% reduction in Xenopsylla spp. flea abundance at 80-days post-treatment. Gravid sand flies were reduced ~72% and 100% during treatment and at week-3 post-treatment, respectively. However, noticeable sand fly reduction did not occur after week-3 and results suggest environmental factors also influenced abundance significantly. In conclusion, fipronil bait, applied in southeastern Kazakhstan, has the potential to reduce or potentially eliminate Xenopsylla spp. fleas if applied at least every 80-days, but may need to be applied at higher frequency to significantly reduce the oviposition rate of Phlebotomus spp. sand flies. Fipronil-based bait may provide a means of controlling blood-feeding vectors, subsequently reducing disease risk, in Central Asia and other affected regions globally.

MeSH
dezinsekce metody MeSH
Gerbillinae parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
infestace blechami parazitologie prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
insekticidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
Psychodidae účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
pyrazoly aplikace a dávkování MeSH
Siphonaptera účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
mužské pohlaví MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
hodnotící studie MeSH
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Geografické názvy
Kazachstán MeSH

Článek

Obecné zásady aplikace aerosolů v budovách a skladech

Stejskal, Václav, 1963-
Autor Autorita ORCID Výzkumný ústav rostlinné výroby, v.v.i

Dezinfekce, dezinsekce, deratizace. 2017 ; 26 (3) : 111-112.

Dezinf. Dezins. Derat.
ISSN 1212-4257
Medvik
Zdroj

Článek

Blchy - odkiaľ sa vzali a aké sú možnosti ochrany?
[Fleas - where they are coming form and what are the possibilities of protection?]

Kočišová, Alica
Autor Autorita Univerzita veterinárskeho lekárstva a farmácie v Košiciach, Slovenská republika

Dezinfekce, dezinsekce, deratizace. 2015 ; 24 (4) : 127-133.

Dezinf. Dezins. Derat.
ISSN 1212-4257
Medvik
Zdroj

Klíčová slova
přenos patogenů blechami, přípravky na ošetření zvířat,
MeSH
bydlení MeSH
dezinsekce * MeSH
diethyltoluamid aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
hospodářská zvířata MeSH
infestace blechami * patologie prevence a kontrola přenos terapie MeSH
insekticidy * aplikace a dávkování klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
kousnutí a bodnutí hmyzem komplikace prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
lidé MeSH
pruritus terapie MeSH
první pomoc MeSH
repelenty proti hmyzu * MeSH
sanitace MeSH
Siphonaptera * anatomie a histologie klasifikace parazitologie růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
kazuistiky MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Článek

Hormonal enhancement of insecticide efficacy in Tribolium castaneum: oxidative stress and metabolic aspects

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C. Toxicology & farmacology. 2015 ; 170 (-) : 19-27. (Toxicology & pharmacology) [pub] 20150204

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
ISSN 1532-0456
Medvik
Zdroj

Insect anti-stress responses, including those induced by insecticides, are controlled by adipokinetic hormones (AKHs). We examined the physiological consequences of Pyrap-AKH application on Tribolium castaneum adults (AKH-normal and AKH-deficient prepared by the RNAi technique) treated by two insecticides, pirimiphos-methyl and deltamethrin. Co-application of pirimiphos-methyl and/or deltamethrin with AKH significantly increased beetle mortality compared with application of the insecticides alone. This co-treatment was accompanied by substantial stimulation of general metabolism, as monitored by carbon dioxide production. Further, the insecticide treatment alone affected some basic markers of oxidative stress: it lowered total antioxidative capacity as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase in the beetle body; in addition, it enhanced the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase. However, these discrepancies in oxidative stress markers were eliminated/reduced by co-application with Pyrap-AKH. We suggest that the elevation of metabolism, which is probably accompanied with faster turnover of toxins, might be responsible for the higher mortality that results after AKH and insecticide co-application. Changes in oxidative stress markers are probably not included in the mechanisms responsible for increased mortality.