Fenton processes are promising wastewater treatment alternatives for bio-recalcitrant compounds. Three different methods (i.e., reverse microemulsion, sol-gel, and combustion) were designed to synthesize environmentally friendly ferrites as magnetically recoverable catalysts to be applied for the decomposition of two pharmaceuticals (ciprofloxacin and carbamazepine) that are frequently detected in water bodies. The catalysts were used in a heterogeneous solar photo-Fenton treatment to save the cost of applying high-energy UV radiation sources, and was performed under a slightly basic pH to avoid metal leaching and adding salts for pH adjustment. All the developed catalysts resulted in the effective treatment of ciprofloxacin and carbamazepine in both synthetic and real domestic wastewater. In particular, the sol-gel synthesized ferrite was more magnetic and more suitable for reuse. The degradation pathways of both compounds were elucidated for this treatment. The degradation of ciprofloxacin involved attacks to the quinolone and piperazine rings. The degradation pathway of carbamazepine involved the formation of hydroxyl carbamazepine and dihydroxy carbamazepine before yielding acridine by hydrogen abstraction, decarboxylation, and amine cleavage, which would be further oxidized.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie MeSH
- ciprofloxacin chemie MeSH
- karbamazepin chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- magnetické jevy MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- sluneční záření MeSH
- železité sloučeniny chemie účinky záření MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of the study was to compare the adsorption ability of two adsorbent materials, namely diosmectite and activated charcoal towards selected model compounds that are most commonly involved in acute intoxication. Eleven model compounds were selected: acetylsalicylic acid, α-amanitin, amlodipine, digoxin, phenobarbital, ibuprofen, imipramine, carbamazepine, oxazepam, promethazine, and theophylline. Of the tested compounds, promethazine and imipramine were the most effectively adsorbed to diosmectite. Their adsorption to diosmectite (0.356±0.029mg promethazine/mg diosmectite and 0.354±0.019mg imipramine/mg diosmectite, respectively) was significantly higher than their adsorption to activated charcoal. The effect of temperature and pH on the adsorption efficiencies was also evaluated. In the case of experiments with mixture of both adsorbents, they mostly behaved in a solution independently or in a slightly antagonistic way. Using various methods such as N2 adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis, the structure and texture of diosmectite and activated charcoal were attained.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- alfa-amanitin chemie MeSH
- amlodipin chemie MeSH
- antidota chemie MeSH
- Aspirin chemie MeSH
- digoxin chemie MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí chemie MeSH
- fenobarbital chemie MeSH
- ibuprofen chemie MeSH
- imipramin chemie MeSH
- karbamazepin chemie MeSH
- otrava prevence a kontrola MeSH
- oxazepam chemie MeSH
- promethazin chemie MeSH
- silikáty chemie MeSH
- theofylin chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Anthropogenic pollutants and in particular pharmaceutical residues are a potential risk for potable water where they are found in increasing concentrations. Different environmental effects could already be linked to the presence of pharmaceuticals in surface waters even for low concentrations. Many pharmaceuticals withstand conventional water treatment technologies. Consequently, there is a need for new water purification techniques. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP), and especially plasmas with their ability to create reactive species directly in water, may offer a promising solution. We developed a plasma reactor with a coaxial geometry to generate large volume corona discharges directly in water and investigated the degradation of seven recalcitrant pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diatrizoate, diazepam, diclofenac, ibuprofen, 17α-ethinylestradiol, trimethoprim). For most substances we observed decomposition rates from 45% to 99% for treatment times of 15-66 min. Especially ethinylestradiol and diclofenac were readily decomposed. As an inherent advantage of the method, we found no acidification and only an insignificant increase in nitrate/nitrite concentrations below legal limits for the treatment. Studies on the basic plasma chemical processes for the model system of phenol showed that the degradation is primarily caused by hydroxyl radicals.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- diatrizoát chemie MeSH
- diazepam chemie MeSH
- diklofenak chemie MeSH
- ethinylestradiol chemie MeSH
- ibuprofen chemie MeSH
- karbamazepin chemie MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Pharmaceutical cocrystals are H-bonded multicomponent mixtures formed from a molecular or ionic substance and a cocrystal former, which are solids under ambient conditions. The cocrystals are the latest material investigated to enhance drug properties such as solubility, dissolution rate, stability, powder flow, and hygroscopicity. Very close to cocrystals are salts which can be distinguished by the localization of proton between an acid and base. Crystal engineering of cocrystals is based on the concept of supramolecular synthons. The major experimental techniques in cocrystal screening are cocrystallization in solution, solvent evaporation, melt crystallisation, dry cogrinding, solvent-assisted grinding and cryogrinding.
- MeSH
- butyráty farmakologie chemie MeSH
- chemické jevy MeSH
- chemie farmaceutická metody trendy MeSH
- farmaceutická technologie metody trendy MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl metody trendy MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- itrakonazol MeSH
- karbamazepin chemie MeSH
- kofein farmakologie chemie MeSH
- krystalizace metody trendy využití MeSH
- kyseliny dikarboxylové farmakologie chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové farmakologie chemie MeSH
- lékové formy MeSH
- objevování léků MeSH
- paracetamol farmakologie chemie MeSH
- rozpouštědla farmakologie chemie MeSH
- sacharin farmakologie chemie MeSH
- soli farmakologie chemie MeSH
