The present multicenter study aimed at assessing the performance of air sampling as a novel method for monitoring Campylobacter in biosecure poultry farms. We compared, using a harmonized procedure, the bacteriological isolation protocol (ISO 10272-1:2017) and a real-time PCR method used on air filter samples. Air samples and boot swabs were collected from 62 biosecure flocks from five European countries during the summer of 2019. For air filters, the frequency of PCR-positive findings was significantly higher (n = 36; 58%) than that obtained with the cultivation methods (P < 0.01; standardized residuals). The cultivation protocols (one with Bolton enrichment and one with Preston enrichment) were comparable to each other but returned fewer positive samples (0 to 8%). The association between type of sample and frequency of PCR-positive findings was statistically confirmed (P < 0.01; Fisher´s exact test), although no culture-positive air filters were detected using direct plating. For the boot swabs, the highest number of positive samples were detected after enrichment in Preston broth (n = 23; 37%), followed by direct plating after homogenization in Preston (n = 21; 34%) or Bolton broth (n = 20; 32%). It is noteworthy that the flocks in Norway, a country known to have low Campylobacter prevalence in biosecure chicken flocks, tested negative for Campylobacter by the new sensitive approach. In conclusion, air sampling combined with real-time PCR is proposed as a multipurpose, low-cost, and convenient screening method that can be up to four times faster and four times more sensitive than the current boot-swab testing scheme used for screening biosecure chicken production.IMPORTANCECampylobacter bacteria are the cause of the vast majority of registered cases of foodborne illness in the industrialized world. In fact, the bacteria caused 246,571 registered cases of foodborne illness in 2018, which equates to 70% of all registered cases in Europe that year. An important tool to prevent campylobacters from making people sick is good data on where in the food chain the bacterium is present. The present study reports a new test method that quadruples the likelihood of identifying campylobacter-positive chicken flocks. It is important to identify campylobacter-positive flocks before they arrive at the slaughterhouse, because negative flocks can be slaughtered first in order to avoid cross-contamination along the production line.
- MeSH
- Campylobacter izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kampylobakterové infekce diagnóza mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí * MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Dánsko MeSH
- Itálie MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Cirkulace virů ptačíchřipky ve světě v letech 2014-2015, Protektivní efekt humánních vakcín proti sezónní chřipce A,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- ptačí chřipka u ptáků * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- virus chřipky A, podtyp H5N1 * imunologie izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- virus chřipky A, podtyp H7N9 * imunologie izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- virus chřipky A imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
- Dálný východ MeSH
- Egypt MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
- Německo MeSH
- Nizozemsko MeSH
Poultry Flavivirus (PF) was a recently emerged virus with high morbidity rates and mortality rates in China. It is the causative agent of egg drop syndrome at present. Development of the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was the most efficient way to prevent and control the PF disease. The assay was performed at 64 °C for 45 min, using six specific primers that recognized eight targets of the PF E gene. The RT-LAMP assay, compared to conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, has 100-fold-greater sensitivity, with a detection limit of 1 × 10(-3) copies per μL RNA and no cross-reaction with poultry other viruses. The RT-LAMP assay is a valuable tool for detected PF without requiring any sophisticated equipment, and the detection has potential usefulness for clinical diagnosis in the field.
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární metody MeSH
- DNA primery genetika MeSH
- drůbež MeSH
- Flavivirus genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- infekce viry z rodu Flavivirus diagnóza veterinární virologie MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže diagnóza virologie MeSH
- proteiny virového obalu genetika MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- techniky amplifikace nukleových kyselin metody MeSH
- veterinární lékařství metody MeSH
- virologie metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
Although oocyst morphology was always considered as a reliable parameter for coccidian species discrimination we describe strain variation of turkey coccidia, Eimeria adenoeides, which remarkably exceeds the variation observed in any other Eimeria species. Two strains have been isolated - the first strain maintains the typical oocyst morphology attributed to this species - large and ellipsoidal - while the second strain has small and ovoid oocysts, never described before for this species. Other biological parameters including pathogenicity were found to be similar. Cross-protection between these 2 strains in 2 immunization and challenge experiments was confirmed. Sequencing and analysis of 18S and ITS1 ribosomal DNA revealed a close relationship according to 18S and a relatively distant relationship according to ITS1. Analysis of 18S and ITS1 sequences from commercial turkey coccidiosis vaccines Immucox®-T and Coccivac®-T revealed that each vaccine contains a different strain of E. adenoeides and that these strains have 18S and ITS1 sequences homologous to the sequences of the strains we have isolated and described. These findings show that diagnostics of turkey coccidia according to oocyst morphology have to be carried out with caution or abolished entirely. Novel PCR-based molecular tools will be necessary for fast and reliable species discrimination.
- MeSH
- DNA vakcíny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Eimeria cytologie genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- kokcidióza diagnóza imunologie parazitologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- krocani imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- molekulární typizace MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže diagnóza imunologie parazitologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- oocysty cytologie MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- respirační komplex IV analýza MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S analýza MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- zkřížená ochrana účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- ketokyseliny krev MeSH
- krevní nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- nemoci drůbeže diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
