Článek pojednává o specifikách práce lékaře vědecké expedice a pobytu a života na polární výzkumné stanici v Antarktidě. Kromě náčrtu každodenních problémů, první autor také nahlíží do historie působení lékařů v Antarktidě, pojednává o výsledcích biomedicínských výzkumných aktivit provedených v letech 2011–2014 a krátce popisuje režim běžného dne na vědecké stanici v Antarktidě.

The paper describes specific aspects of work of a scientific expedition doctor and the stay and life at a polar research station in Antarctica. Apart from the outline of everyday problems, the first named author also learns about the history of medical practitioners working in Antarctica, writes about the results of the biomedical research activities conducted in the period of 2011–2014 and briefly describes the daily routine at a scientific polar station in Antarctica.

• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování krevního tlaku MeSH
• Bacteria izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum * MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus MeSH
• expedice MeSH
• extrémně chladné počasí MeSH
• hypertenze diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• studené klima * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH

Byl popsán nový druh koaguláza-negativního stafylokoka. Staphylococcus edaphicus je novobiocin-rezistentní,oxidáza-negativní, podle fylogenetických vlastností je nejblíže k druhu Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Dva kme-ny nového druhu, které byly izolovány z prostředí na ostrově Jamese Rosse v Antarktidě, jsou rezistentník betalaktamovým antibiotikům. Je to již desátý stafylokok popsaný českými taxonomy.

A novel species of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus has been described. Staphylococcus edaphicus is resistant tonovobiocin, is oxidase negative, and has phylogenetic characteristics that are closest to those of Staphylococcussaprophyticus. Two strains of the novel species isolated from the environment on the James Ross Island in Antarcticaare resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. This is the tenth staphylococcal species described by Czech taxonomists.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• koagulasa MeSH
• methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• kvasinky izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH

Recent studies have confirmed historic atmospheric deposition of uranium in Antarctica, with a steep and significant increase in levels deposited since the 1980s in Antarctic Peninsula ice core samples. To date, however, there has been little or no attention paid to uranium in the Antarctic food web. Here, we present results for uranium content in scales of three common nototheniid species (Trematomus bernacchii, Gobionotothen gibberifrons, Notothenia coriiceps) from coastal waters off James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula). While mean total uranium levels (mean ± SD) were low and similar between species (N. coriiceps 0.08 μg g-1 ± 0.01, T. bernacchii 0.17 μg g-1 ± 0.10; G. gibberifrons 0.11 μg g-1 ± 0.04), linear regressions against standard length indicated bioaccumulation in T. bernacchii (ANOVA, F = 7.8349, P = 0.0076). We suggest this may be the result of dietary specialisation on prey with calcareous shells that accumulate uranium. To the best of our knowledge, this paper provides the first quantitative baseline data on uranium levels in coastal Antarctic nototheniids. While the low levels recorded are unlikely to represent a threat within the food chain, we suggest that further long-term trophic studies (including stable isotope analysis) are needed, recognising that the feeding ecology of individual species (and even individuals) can have a strong effect on overall trends.

• MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• uran chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH

• MeSH
• kvasinky chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lipidy analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH

Studies on weak man-made radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields affecting animal magnetoreception aim for a better understanding of the reception mechanism and also point to a new phenomenon having possible consequences in ecology and environmental protection. RF impacts on magnetic compasses have recently been demonstrated in migratory birds and other vertebrates. We set out to investigate the effect of RF on the magnetic orientation of the Antarctic krill species Gondogeneia antarctica, a small marine crustacean widespread along the Antarctic littoral line. Here, we show that upon release, G. antarctica (held under laboratory conditions) escaped in the magnetically seaward direction along the magnetic sea-land axis (y-axis) of the home beach. However, the animals were disoriented after being exposed to RF. Orientation was lost not only in an RF field with a magnetic flux density of 20 nT, as expected according to the literature, but even under the 2 nT originally intended as a control. Our results extend recent findings of the extraordinary sensitivity of animal magnetoreception to weak RF fields in marine invertebrates.

• MeSH
• Amphipoda fyziologie   MeSH
• magnetické pole * MeSH
• orientace * MeSH
• rádiové vlny * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH

Passive air samplers were used to evaluate long-term trends and spatial distribution of trace organic compounds in Antarctica. Duplicate PUF disk samplers were deployed at six automatic weather stations in the coastal area of the Ross sea (East Antarctica), between December 2010 and January 2011, during the XXVI Italian Scientific Research Expedition. Among the investigated persistent organic compounds, Hexachlorobenzene was the most abundant, with air concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 50 pg m(-3). In general, the following decreasing concentration order was found for the air samples analyzed: HCB > PeCB > PCBs > DDTs > HCHs. While HCB concentrations were in the same range as those reported in the atmosphere of other Antarctic sampling areas and did not show a decline, HCHs and DDTs levels were lower or similar to those determined one or two decades ago. In general, the very low concentrations reflected the pristine state of the East Antarctica air. Backward trajectories indicated the prevalence of air masses coming from the Antarctic continent. Local contamination and volatilization from ice were suggested as potential sources for the presence of persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere.

• MeSH
• atmosféra analýza   MeSH
• hexachlorbenzen analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• organické látky analýza   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH
• Itálie MeSH

Molecular and morphological methods were applied to study cyanobacterial community composition in biological soil crusts (BSCs) from four areas (two nunataks and two ridges) in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Antarctica. The sampling sites serve as control areas for open top chambers (OTCs) that were put in place in 2010 at the time of sample collection and will be compared with BSC samples taken from the OTCs in the future. Cyanobacterial cell biovolume was estimated using epifluorescence microscopy, which revealed the dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria in all studied sites except the Utsteinen ridge, where unicellular cyanobacteria were the most abundant. Cyanobacterial diversity was studied by a combination of molecular fingerprinting methods based on the 16S rRNA gene (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 454 pyrosequencing) using cyanobacteria-specific primers. The number of DGGE sequences obtained per site was variable and, therefore, a high-throughput method was subsequently employed to improve the diversity coverage. Consistent with previous surveys in Antarctica, both methods showed that filamentous cyanobacteria, such as Leptolyngbya sp., Phormidium sp. and Microcoleus sp., were dominant in the studied sites. In addition, the studied localities differed in substrate type, climatic conditions and soil parameters, which probably resulted in differences in cyanobacterial community composition. Furthermore, the BSC growing on gneiss pebbles had lower cyanobacterial abundances than BSCs associated with granitic substrates.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• ledový příkrov mikrobiologie   MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sinice * klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH

PURPOSE: The Antarctic dragonfish, Parachaenichthys charcoti is a notothenioid teleost fish endemic to the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica. It is a relatively rare fish species; therefore, published data on the parasite communities of P. charcoti are limited. The present study was performed on the Ukrainian Antarctic Station "Akademik Vernadsky", Argentine Islands, West Antarctica and the purpose was to examine the species diversity of the parasites of P. charcoti and to identify the parameters of helminth infection and helminth component community. METHODS: Fifteen specimens of P. charcoti were caught at a depth of 10-30 m and examined using standard parasitological techniques. All helminths (6251 specimens) were collected manually, fixed in 70% ethanol and identified based on their morphology. RESULTS: All examined specimens of P. charcoti were found to be infected with helminths; each fish harboured 10-20 helminth species (mean 13.2; median 13) and 237-804 helminth specimens (mean 417; median 401). Twenty-seven helminth species were found, including nine species of trematodes, 4 of cestodes, 4 of nematodes and 10 of acanthocephalans. P. charcoti is the definitive host for 11 out of 27 helminth species recorded. In the helminth component community, the diversity indices were 2.03 (Shannon's index) and 0.79 (Simpson's index); Pielou evenness index was 0.61, and Berger-Parker dominance index was 0.38. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a high species diversity and complex structure of the helminth community in Antarctic dragonfish P. charcoti in the Argentine Islands.

• MeSH
• Acanthocephala * MeSH
• cizopasní červi * MeSH
• helmintózy zvířat * epidemiologie   MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH
• Perciformes * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH

A set of three psychrotrophic bacterial strains was isolated from different soil samples collected at the deglaciated northern part of James Ross Island (Antarctica) in 2014. All isolates were rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and produced moderately slimy red-pink pigmented colonies on Reasoner's 2A (R2A) agar. A polyphasic taxonomic approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, automated ribotyping, MALDI-TOF MS, chemotaxonomy methods and extensive biotyping using conventional tests and commercial identification kits was applied to the isolates in order to clarify their taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that all isolates belonged to the genus Hymenobacter with the closest relative being Hymenobacter aerophilus DSM 13606T, exhibiting 98.5 % 16S rRNA gene pairwise similarity to the reference isolate P6312T. Average nucleotide identity values calculated from the whole-genome sequencing data proved that P6312T represents a distinct Hymenobacter species. The major components of the cellular fatty acid composition were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 1ω5c, summed feature 4 (C17 : 1 anteiso B/iso I), C15 : 0 anteiso and C15 : 0 iso. The menaquinone system of strain P6312T contained MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. Moderate to minor amounts of three unidentified polar lipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid and one unidentified phospholipid were also present. Based on the obtained results, we propose a novel species for which the name Hymenobacterhumicola sp. nov. is suggested, with the type strain P6312T (=CCM 8763T=LMG 30612T).

• MeSH
• Cytophagaceae klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fosfatidylethanolaminy chemie   MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• glykolipidy chemie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• pigmentace MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• vitamin K 2 analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Antarktida MeSH