A doctoral dissertation that focuses on biostatistics and quantitative measurements in health care.

• MeSH
• biostatistika MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
• Publikační typ
• vysokoškolské kvalifikační práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

Childhood cancer encompasses a wide and heterogeneous range of rare cancers defined by the age group in which they occur. While significant progress has been made in recent years in improving survival and treatment quality for children with cancer, significant inequalities still exist across the WHO European Region. This report draws together available evidence and information from a wide range of published sources to present the case for an increased focus on addressing inequalities in childhood cancer within the Region. It summarizes literature in four main areas: the childhood cancer continuum; inequalities across countries; inequalities within countries; and childhood cancer as a driver of inequalities. The report makes recommendations on the key steps that are likely to have the greatest impact in reducing inequalities across the region. It is hoped that these will be of value to decision-makers and politicians from all countries within the Region looking to address existing inequalities in childhood cancer care through targeted improvement activities.

• MeSH
• nádory MeSH
• péče o dítě MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• zdraví dítěte MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a major public health concern in the WHO European Region, with estimates from the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) alone showing that each year more than 670 000 infections are due to bacteria resistant to antibiotics and approximately 33 000 people die as a direct consequence. This report is the first in a series published jointly by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the WHO Regional Office for Europe that includes AMR data from invasive isolates in Europe. The report shows that AMR is widespread in the WHO European Region, although the AMR situation varied widely depending on the bacterial species, antimicrobial group and geographical region. A north-to-south and west-to-east gradient was generally observed, with higher AMR percentages in the southern and eastern parts of Europe. Overall in the EU/EEA, AMR percentages for the bacterial species–antimicrobial group combinations under surveillance continue to be high, with carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium showing a significant increase during 2016–2020. High percentages of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems in K. pneumoniae and high percentages of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in several countries in the European Region are of concern. Effectively tackling AMR in the WHO European Region requires greater efforts and investments.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• kontrola infekce MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• infekční lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

The purpose of cancer screening tests is to detect pre-cancer or early-stage cancer in asymptomatic individuals so that timely diagnosis and early treatment can be offered, where this treatment can lead to better outcomes for some people. The aim of a cancer screening programme is either to reduce mortality and morbidity in a population by early detection and early treatment of a cancer (for example, breast screening) or to reduce the incidence of a cancer by identifying and treating its precursors (such as cervical and colorectal screening). This short guide is designed to be a quick reference that contains the important ideas about cancer screening. Readers should refer to other publications for comprehensive discussion and detailed guidance on cancer screening programmes.

• MeSH
• asymptomatické nemoci MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• neinfekční nemoci MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• onkologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

This guidance document outlines an approach to leverage existing surveillance systems for Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) to estimate COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing SARI associated with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 using existing SARI surveillance systems. The approach uses the test-negative design to evaluate VE; cases are SARI patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and controls are SARI patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.This document is intended to be used as a guidance document to support countries and institutions that are interested in conducting research on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in SARI patients. It outlines an approach to post-introduction COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness evaluation in SARI patients that complements existing WHO Unity Studies, which focus on sero-epidemiological investigations. Research should be conducted only after site-specific protocols are developed and approved by the relevant local ethical review committee(s).

• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• infekce MeSH
• syndrom akutního respiračního selhání MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• infekční lékařství
• preventivní medicína
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

This technical report contains guidance on the promotion of safe and healthy food in traditional markets within the WHO European Region, targeting all stakeholders from policy-makers to market workers. This document outlines the main guiding principles of a safe and healthy traditional food market and proposes a stepwise approach to the implementation of safe and healthy traditional food market initiatives.

• MeSH
• bezpečnost potravin MeSH
• neinfekční nemoci MeSH
• zdravá strava MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the main cause of death in the WHO European Region. This systematic literature review assesses whether systematic screening programmes for CVD risk factors and preclinical CVDs across general populations can lower the CVD burden in society. Based on several high-quality randomized controlled trials with large numbers of participants, the results clearly showed that screening for CVD risk factors has no effect on lowering CVD morbidity and mortality in society. Studies showed that screening for preclinical CVDs slightly reduces mortality and negative outcomes related to abdominal aortic aneurysm; however, these results may be outdated, as smoking has declined and treatment has improved since the studies were completed. Results on screening for atrial fibrillation and other preclinical CVDs have not yet been published. In summary, the current evidence indicates that screening for CVD risk factors does not reduce the CVD burden.

• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• populace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• systematický přehled MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• kardiologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

2020 was a year that will be remembered for generations, for having put the lives and livelihoods of everyone into an unprecedented stress test. Health system and emergency response had to be urgently and radically reshaped to address public needs, while the links between health and the economy have been shown to be greater than we could have ever imagined. The past year has put health firmly at the heart of social values, including equity, solidarity and participation.

• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• infekční lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
• určení symptomu MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• zapojení pacienta MeSH
• zdravotní péče - plánování MeSH
• zdravotní politika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• infekční lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

This publication offers an educational course on different aspects of chemical pollution of indoor air and its risk for children’s health, including principles of risk assessment and communication aspects. It was created in the context of the WHO project to develop a screening tool for assessment of risks from combined exposure to multiple chemicals in indoor air. The educational material presented here can be used for training and awareness-raising purposes for a wide range of professionals interested in promoting healthy indoor environments for children. These include public health and health-care professionals, medical and nursing students, decision-makers, and non-health specialists working in public settings for children such as kindergartens and schools, including administrative and building managers, teachers, and educators.

• MeSH
• nebezpečné látky MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO