The lipids constitute majority of dry weight of mature human brain. From lipids, 35% is comprised of PUFA with long chain (LC-PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) of n-3 family and arachidonic acid (AA) of n-6 family. Humans are dependent on dietary intake of both AA and DHA. Interestingly, the dietary n-6/n-3 ratio increased considerably during last century. LC-PUFAs play numerous roles in the brain, including structural (forming the physico-chemical properties in the lipid bilayer of cellular membranes) and signaling ones. Moreover, they influence neurogenesis and neurotransmission within the nervous tissue. The metabolites of PUFA modulate immune and inflammatory processes in the brain, oxidative stress as well as its consequences. Of high importance is also their connection with several metabolic factors involved in the proper function of the brain and/or were discovered to play a role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases - melatonin, homocysteine, leptin, and adiponectin. This review gives short view of the metabolism and possible mechanisms of PUFA n-3 action in the brain, and their role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases.
- MeSH
- duševní poruchy imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozek imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- neuroimunomodulace fyziologie MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
BACKGROUND: Depressive disorder is related to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Insulin resistance (IR), connected with altered fatty acid (FA) composition, namely with decreased proportion of polyunsaturated FA could participate in these associations. The aim of the study was to investigate the composition of FA in plasma cholesterol esters (CE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) as well as indices of insulin resistance and oxidative stress in the patients with depressive disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Parameters of lipid and glucose homeostasis, concentrations of FA in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and conjugated dienes in LDL were investigated in a group of 47 patients (9M/38F) with depression and compared with 47 control persons (16M/31F). Delta-9 desaturase (D9D) and D6D desaturase were estimated as product to precursor fatty acid ratios. RESULTS: In depressive patients increased concentrations of palmitoleic acid and total monounsaturated FA with decreased proportion of total polyunsaturated FA n-6 (PUFA n-6) (all p<0.05) in CE were found, while in PC increased proportion of saturated FA was observed (p<0.05). Moreover, index of D6D activity was significantly increased in PC and CE (p<0.05). Concomitantly, in depressive patients higher levels of plasma triacylglycerols (p<0.05), conjugated dienes in LDL (p<0.001) and HOMA index of IR (p<0.05) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Esterified FA composition of depressive patients revealed changes, similar to those, usually observed in insulin resistance. Dysregulation of FA could participate in the pathogenesis of depression and be associated with an increased risk of CVD and DM2.
- MeSH
- depresivní poruchy epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- desaturasa linoleoyl-CoA krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- estery cholesterolu krev MeSH
- fosfatidylcholiny krev MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence fyziologie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny krev MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stearyl-CoA-desaturasa krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- desaturasa linoleoyl-CoA MeSH
- estery cholesterolu MeSH
- fosfatidylcholiny MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH
- palmitoleic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- stearyl-CoA-desaturasa MeSH
According the literature atrio-ventricular blockade (AVB) is the most frequent and well-known symptom of Lyme carditis. Typical signs of complete AVB include fatigue, lethargy and syncope- Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome (MAS). The authors present their results and experience with 5 patients selected from a long-term study (conducted between 1987 and 1998) comprising 58 patients who developed MAS. The authors tried to evaluate the changes especially in the cardiovascular system. They correlated the clinical state with ECG findings, as well as with the levels of the Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. The following results were obtained: 1) all patients had typical syncope, 2) the clinical course was not complicated (except one patient who developed ventricular fibrillation), 3) two patients had frequent symptomatic and asymptomatic arrhythmia including chest pain and episodic rest dyspnea, 4) subjective difficulties (usually palpitations) correlated with ECG findings (Lown 3a, 3b). The authors also looked for any relationship between clinical difficulties and levels of antibodies. The results obtained with an early permanent pacemaker were less favourable than those reported in the literature. Despite early treatment 2 patients had repeated palpitations and ECG correlates during the next years.
- MeSH
- Adamsův-Stokesův syndrom diagnóza imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Borrelia burgdorferi komplex imunologie patogenita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymeská nemoc diagnóza imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- myokarditida diagnóza imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- srdeční blokáda diagnóza imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protilátky bakteriální MeSH
