This study aimed to define the taxonomic position and structure of a novel, taxonomically unique group of 26 Acinetobacter strains, provisionally designated Taxon 24 (T24). The strains were recovered from soil and freshwater ecosystems (n = 21) or animals (n = 5) in Czechia, Scotland, Germany, the Netherlands and Turkey between 1993 and 2015. They were non-glucose-acidifying, nonhemolytic, nonproteolytic, growing at 32 °C and on acetate and ethanol as single carbon sources, but not on 4-hydroxybenzoate and mostly not at 37 °C. Their whole-genome sequences were 3.0-3.7 Mb in size, with GC contents of 39.8-41.3%. Based on core genome phylogenetic analysis, the 26 strains formed a distinct clade within the genus Acinetobacter, with strongly supported subclades termed T24A (n = 11), T24B (n = 8), T24C (n = 2), T24D (n = 3) and T24E (n = 2). The internal genomic ANIb values for these subclades were >94.8%, while the ANIb values between them were <92.5%. The results of MALDI-TOF MS-based analyses agreed with this classification. The five subclades differed from each other in the results of one to six carbon source assimilation tests. Given the genomic and phenotypic distinctness, internal coherence, numbers of available strains and geographically diverse origin of T24A and T24B, we propose the names Acinetobacter terrae sp. nov. and Acinetobacter terrestris sp. nov. for these two taxa, respectively. The type strains are ANC 4282v (= CCM 8986T = CCUG 73811T = CNCTC 8082T) and ANC 4471T (= CCM 8985T = CCUG 73812T = CNCTC 8093T), respectively. We conclude that these two species together with the other T24 strains represent a widely dispersed Acinetobacter clade primarily associated with terrestrial ecosystems.

• Klíčová slova
• Carbon source assimilation, Core genome phylogeny, MALDI-TOF MS, Whole genome sequence,
• MeSH
• Acinetobacter * klasifikace   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sladká voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Nizozemsko MeSH
• Skotsko MeSH
• Turecko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Polyspermia is an adverse phenomenon during mammalian fertilization when more than one sperm fuses with a single oocyte. The egg cell is prepared to prevent polyspermia by, among other ways, producing cortical granules (CGs), which are specialized intracellular structures containing enzymes that aim to harden the zona pellucida and block the fusion of subsequent sperm. This work focused on exploring the expression profile of genes that may be associated with cortical reactions, and evaluated the distribution of CGs in immature oocytes and the peripheral density of CGs in mature oocytes. Oocytes were isolated and then processed for in vitro maturation (IVM). Transcriptomic analysis of genes belonging to five ontological groups has been conducted. Six genes showed increased expression after IVM (ARHGEF2, MAP1B, CXCL12, FN1, DAB2, and SOX9), while the majority of genes decreased expression after IVM. Using CG distribution analysis in immature oocytes, movement towards the cortical zone of the oocyte during meiotic competence acquisition was observed. CGs peripheral density decreased with the rise in meiotic competence during the IVM process. The current results reveal important new insights into the in vitro maturation of oocytes. Our results may serve as a basis for further studies to investigate the cortical reaction of oocytes.

• Klíčová slova
• cortical granule, microarray, molecular markers, oocyte maturation, pig,
• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace * MeSH
• cytoplazmatická granula metabolismus   MeSH
• IVM techniky metody   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• oocyty cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Stem cell therapies offer a great promise for regenerative and reconstructive medicine, due to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity. Although embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, their utilization involves embryo destruction and is ethically controversial. Therefore, adult tissues that have emerged as an alternative source of stem cells and perinatal tissues, such as the umbilical cord, appear to be particularly attractive. Wharton's jelly, a gelatinous connective tissue contained in the umbilical cord, is abundant in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that express CD105, CD73, CD90, Oct-4, Sox-2, and Nanog among others, and have the ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and other lineages. Moreover, Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) do not express MHC-II and exhibit immunomodulatory properties, which makes them a good alternative for allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantations in cellular therapies. Therefore, umbilical cord, especially Wharton's jelly, is a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells.

• Klíčová slova
• Wharton’s jelly, stem cells, umbilical cord,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH