The effect of Lactobacillus casei 249/89 on the colonization of the intestinal tract and selected indicators of the metabolic profile of gnotobiotic and conventional lambs from the viewpoint of its possible utilization in the prevention of diarrhoeal syndrome of bacterial etiology in young animals has been studied. Five gnotobiotic and three conventional lambs were used in these studies. The lambs were slaughtered at 3, 6, 10, 15 and 21 days of age. The population of L. casei colonizing the intestinal epithelium was at the age dynamics on average higher in gnotobiotic lambs compared with lactobacilli in conventional lambs (Fig. 1). The significant difference (p < 0.001) was noted at the age of 3 days (gnotobiotic lambs = 3.40 log 10/cm2 and conventional lambs = 1.08 log 10/cm2). Also the counts of lactobacilli colonizing individual sections of the intestine (Fig. 2) was on average higher in gnotobiots with significant differences in jejunum and colon (p < 0.05). In both groups, the highest number of lactobacilli was observed on the intestinal epithelium in lower sections of the digestive tract. In gnotobiots, the population of L. casei colonizing the duodenum was highest at the age of 3 days (3.49 log 10/cm2), in jejunum (3.74 log 10/cm2) and in ileum 4.37 log 10/cm2) at the age of 6 days and in the colon (4.7 log 10/cm2) at the age of 15 days (Fig. 3). In conventional lambs, the population of lactobacilli colonizing individual sections of the intestinum was increasing with age (Fig. 4). The number of L. casei in the intestinal content of gnotobiotic lambs was on average higher than that in conventional animals but the differences were not significant. In both groups, the highest number of lactobacilli was noted at the age of 10 days (gnotobiotic lambs = 5.9 log 10/ml; the conventional lambs = 4.6 log 10/ml). From the viewpoint of individual sections of the intestine, the population of L. casei in the intestinal content of gnotobiotic lambs was higher than the lactobacilli count in conventional animals with significant difference in jejunum (p < 0.01). In gnotobiots, the highest lactobacilli count was in the colon (6.17 log 10/ml); in conventional lambs in the ileum (4.71 log 10/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- MeSH
- gnotobiologické modely * MeSH
- Lactobacillus casei růst a vývoj MeSH
- ovce mikrobiologie MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Distribution of alleles of the alphas-casein complex was studied by isoelectric focusing in the White Shorthaired Polled goat according to the method of Krause et al. (1988) and Mahé et al. (1993). In addition to the common alleles alpha s1-CnA and B, the alpha s1-CnE allele is described; it has not yet been observed in this breed. We are not able to confirm the occurrence of the alpha s1-CnC allele. At least one out of three defective mutants (alpha s1-CnD,F and 0) was found, nevertheless their identification was not discussed. The following percentile occurrence (Tab. I) of the above-mentioned alleles of alpha s1-casein was determined: alpha s1-CnA = 11.30; alpha s1-CnB = 38.26; alpha s1-CnC = 0; alpha s1-CnE = 17.39; alpha s1-CnX = 33.04 (the letter X indicates the defective mutants without specifying their type and number). Our results differ significantly from those of Boulamger et al. (1984), Grosclaude et al. (1987) and Trakovická (1992). Higher (in contrast to the French authors) and lower alpha s1-casein allele rates (as compared to Trakovická, 1992) were observed. The higher occurrence of the alpha s2-CnB is also conspicuous. However, our observations correspond to those according to which the "strong" alleles have higher frequencies in European breeds than in the French ones (Grosclaude et al., 1992-cit. Mahé et al., 1993). The alleles of alpha s2-casein were also investigated. The electrophoretic variant of the alpha s2-casein was observed next to the type B and located closer to the anode (suspected mutation); on that account it was named B-. This variant was also seen in a homozygous form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Our observations aimed at determining the effects of supplementation with aluminium of plant emissions on specific ovalbumin antibody production in sheep by means of an ELISA method. Eleven Merino ewes aged 2.5 years were included in the experiment. The experimental group consisted of 6 animals. The daily intake of 0.75 g substrate per animal was administered after the morning feeding via a laryngeal tube. The amounts of essential and risk elements included in the substrate are given in Tab. I. All animals were subcutaneously immunized with ovalbumin (OVA, SIGMA A 5503) in 10% alhydrogel (Superhpos Ltd., Denmark) at a dose of 0.2 mg per 10 kg of live weight. The first immunization took place prior to the first gavage of emissions, the second one on day 21 of the experiment. Blood samples from the v. jugularis were collected from all animals, prior to the first immunization, in 6 weekly intervals and then in the 8th and 10th week of the experiment. A modified ELISA method (Strobel, 1983) was used to determine specific OVA antibodies in the sera. Throughout the observation period the increase of OVA antibody production appeared to be more significant in the experimental sheep. In the latter, increased specific antibody production could be detected as early as in the 1st week with maximum immunoglobulinaemia occurring in weeks 3 and 6 after OVA administration. As to specific antibody concentrations, significant differences between the experimental and the control ewes were recorded in weeks 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the experiment (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- kovy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
- minerály aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- ovalbumin imunologie MeSH
- ovce imunologie MeSH
- průmyslový odpad * MeSH
- tvorba protilátek účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kovy MeSH
- minerály MeSH
- ovalbumin MeSH
- průmyslový odpad * MeSH
The active transport of mineral substances by cell membranes plays an important role in the neurohumoral regulation of reproductive processes in farm animals. A great importance is attributed to lipoproteins as sources of the primary precursor of steroid synthesis in the placenta and ovaries (Knopp et al., 1986; Grummer et al., 1988). The effects of hormones on K metabolism in the blood serum of ewes were studied by Hawk et al. (1961). Krajnicáková et al. (1993) observed the dynamic changes of electrolytes in the course of the reproductive cycle in ewes. Na and K levels and their relation to ovarian hormones were determined in the systemic blood stream of ewes during oestrus synchronization and pregnancy. Ten Slovak Merino ewes aged 3-5 years and weighing 40-50 kg were included in the experiment. The animals were reared conventionally. A feed ration consisted of silage, hay, feeding beet-pulp, straw and in the last two months of pregnancy it was supplemented with roughage. Water and salt were given ad libitum. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein prior to synchronization (day 0) and on days 3, 7 and 14 of synchronization with Agelin vaginal implants. After removing the implants the animals received 500 I.U. PMSG (Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin). The animal in oestrus cycle were inseminated with fresh diluted semen. Reinsemination was not performed in this experiment. Sampling was continued on the day of insemination and on days 7, 14 and in month 2, 3, 4 and 5 of pregnancy. Na and K levels were measured by atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry using the Atom Spek device (RANG-HIGLER). Progesterone (P4) and 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) levels were assayed radioimmunologically using the respective kits (RIA-test-PROG and RIA-test-ESTRA) manufactured by URVJ Kosice. During the observation period Na levels fluctuated within 131.50 +/- 1.71 and 153.55 +/- 4.77 nmol/l of serum (Tab. I) and significantly decreased between day 14 of synchronization and the end of the investigation (P < 0.05; P < 0.01; P < 0.001). Potassium levels were observed to significantly decrease from the day of insemination on, throughout the first days of pregnancy and the above-mentioned months of gravidity, the values ranging between 4.57 +/- 0.52 and 3.93 +/- 0.36 nmol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- MeSH
- draslík krev MeSH
- estradiol krev MeSH
- ovce krev MeSH
- progesteron krev MeSH
- sodík krev MeSH
- synchronizace říje krev MeSH
- těhotenství u zvířat krev MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- draslík MeSH
- estradiol MeSH
- progesteron MeSH
- sodík MeSH
Sulphamycin (Polfa, Poland) is an intramammary preparation for the treatment of clinically apparent forms of mastitis in dairy cows. Its effects were observed in 141 dairy cows treated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The animals were selected after clinical examination of the mammary gland and bacteriological examination of udder secreta. In 37 subclinically diseased cows the efficiency of treatment depended on the infectious agent and amounted to 85.2, 77.8, 73.3 and 60.0%, Streptococcus agalactiae beta-haemolytical Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium pyogenes being the respective pathogens. In 61 cows with acute mastitis the efficiency of the preparation reached 71.2, 78.3, 61.7 and 80.9% in the cases induced by S. agalactiae, beta-haemolytical Streptococci, S. aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Forty-three cows were treated for acute mastitis and concomitant alteration of the general health state; in these cases, S. agalactiae, S. aureus and E. coli were identified as the infectious agents and the respective therapeutic efficiency presented 62.5, 69.8 and 76.2%. S. agalactiae and beta-haemolytical Streptococci responded most sensitively to erythromycin whereas S. aureus and E. coli proved to be septrin- and streptomycin-sensitive, respectively.
- MeSH
- erythromycin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- laktace MeSH
- mastitida skotu farmakoterapie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- streptomycin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- erythromycin MeSH
- kombinace léků trimethoprim a sulfamethoxazol MeSH
- streptomycin MeSH
In 1986-1992 the susceptibility to antibiotics was investigated in 799 strains of causative agents of bovine mastitis. Of these, Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and other bacteria presented 43.5%, 22.2%, 17.9% and 16.6%, respectively. The strains examined were obtained from herds in which mastitis had been treated. Within the period of investigation, the resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics reached the following values: penicillin (PNC) 33.0-20.3%, chloramphenicol (CHF) 7.8-4.1%, oxacillin (OXAC) 6.8-4.1%, erythromycin (ERYT) 1.4-1.9% and oxytetracycline (OTTE) 4.1-3.9%. Beta-haemolytical Streptococci were PNC-, CHF-, OXAC-, OTTE- and ERY-resistant in 3.3-5.8, 1.9-2.5, 2.5-5.8, 1.7-1.9 and 1.7-5.8 percent of the cases, respectively. PNC, CHF, OXAC, ERYT and OTTE resistance was found in 5.7-2.3, 2.9-1.2, 5.2-2.7, 17.1-2.3 and 5.7-2.3% of Streptococcus uberis strains, respectively. In Streptococcus dysgalactiae the following values of resistance to antibiotics were found: PNC--5.3-2.8%, CHF and OXAC--5.3-2.8%, ERYT--15.8-2.8% and OTTE--10.5-2.3%. Resistance to PNC, CHF, OXAC, ERYT and OXYT was observed in 16.7-10.0, 25.0-20.0, 8.3-3.3, 16.7-20.0 and 16.7-6.7% of Corynebacterium spp. strains. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were resistant as follows: PNC--34.3-31.5%, CHF--5.7-5.6%, OXAC--14.9-7.2%, ERYT--8.9-2.8% and OTTE--17.1-4.6%. Escherichia coli strains were CHF-resistant in 18.2-5.4% and OTTE-resistant in 27.8-28.1% of the cases. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CHF- and OTTE-resistance was recorded in 36.4-34.1 and 45.5-31.3% of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- léková rezistence MeSH
- mastitida skotu mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bacteriological, helminthological and physico-chemical examinations were carried out to investigate the technological procedure in three water treatment plants treating slurry from large-capacity pig farms (Kosická Polianka, Spisské Vlachy, Vel'ký Dur). Our investigations were focused on the testing of effectiveness of mechanical, chemical and biological treatment system most frequently used in Slovakia. Our investigations revealed that water-treatment plants, operating on pig farms, fulfil only the supplies management requirements concerning the treated water, discharged into the recipient. From the hygienic viewpoint further processing or utilization of the solid fraction remains unsolved. This fraction contains considerable concentrations of bacteria and parasitic germs (Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Isospora sp., Eimeria sp.) most of which exhibit high tenacity in the environment. It is recommended to process this solid fraction by composting before it is applied as a manure. However, the measured values did not exceed the reference hygienic limits. The technological stage of chemical treatment, which follows after the separation and utilizes some coagulants (aluminium sulphate, ferrous sulphate), can increase the chemical load of water stripped of crude organic pollutants, by some undesirable chemical elements.
- MeSH
- chov zvířat * MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování * MeSH
- prasata * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Concentrations of total proteins, albumin, total serum immunoglobulins, urea and total lipids in the blood serum and glucose concentrations in the blood were investigated in the periods of milk nutrition and weaning, and the results were evaluated with respect to their differences from the range of reference values. Concentrations of total proteins (TP) in the blood serum significantly decreased if the starting values at the age of two weeks (65, 45 g/l) were compared with the values at the age of five weeks, and they began to increase to the age of 11 weeks. The average TP values at the age of 11 weeks were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the starting values (Fig. 1, Tab. I). TP concentrations were above the upper limit of the reference range since weaning (nine weeks of age). Subnormal TP values were recorded in individual animals at the age of two, five weeks, at weaning, at 11 weeks in the animals on all-vegetable diet in 4.8%, 19.1%, 4.8% and 9.5% of the calves, respectively (Fig. 2). The albumin concentrations were increasing from the age of five weeks but the changes in the values were statistically insignificant and the average values remained in the reference range (Fig. 1). The reduced albumin concentrations were recorded in individual animals in 28.6% of the calves at the age of two weeks, in 19.1% of the calves at the age of five weeks, in 42.9% of the calves at weaning, and in 38.1% at the age of 11 weeks. The concentrations of total serum immunoglobulins (TS-Ig) were increasing since the animal collection with their growing age (Fig. 1) while in comparison with the starting values the increases were significant at the age of five weeks (p < 0.05), nine and eleven weeks (p < 0.01). The average TS-Ig values rose to the reference range at the age of five weeks. In individual animals, the reduced TS-Ig values were recorded in the serum at the age of two weeks in 71.4% of calves, at the age of five weeks in 42.9%, at weaning in 33.3% and at the age of 11 weeks it was only in 9.5% of the calves (Fig. 2). The urea concentration in the serum was decreasing from the age of five weeks to weaning. In comparison with the starting values, the differences in the average values were statistically insignificant and the average values remained within the reference range (Fig. 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
- MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- energetický metabolismus * MeSH
- imunoglobuliny krev MeSH
- krevní proteiny analýza MeSH
- lipidy krev MeSH
- močovina krev MeSH
- skot metabolismus MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík MeSH
- imunoglobuliny MeSH
- krevní proteiny MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- močovina MeSH
The health of animals depends not only on the level of hygiene on the farms but also on the ability of the individual to withstand diseases and to face various unfavourable effects of the environment. On the cellular level, chromosome analysis in the peripheral lymphocytes of farm animals is used to determine the effects of various environmental factors. According to present knowledge the frequency of chromosome aberrations is considered to be a quantitative index of genetic damage. The present work reports on in-vitro observations of structural aberrations in the peripheral lymphocytes of Merino and crossbred sheep kept under good hygienic conditions. Comparison of the incidence of aberrant cells (AB.C.) was carried out in two seasons of the year (Tab. I). There was not a significant difference (P > 0.05) between the spring (0.96%-AB.C.) and autumn findings (1.59% AB.C.). In these seasons, chromatid breaks (B1) were the most frequently recorded structural aberrations. Comparison of the three age groups (comprising animals aged 1-2, 3-4 or 5-9 years) did not reveal any significant differences in the AB.C. percentage (P > 0.05, Tab. II).
- MeSH
- chov zvířat MeSH
- chromozomální aberace * MeSH
- lymfocyty ultrastruktura MeSH
- ovce genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Our own innovated method of the hysterectomy recovery of gnotobiotic lambs, modified equipment for gnotobiote rearing, management and tending techniques were tested in this study. A hysterectomy hood (Fig. 1) was made from plexiglass and it fully met the requirements for simple and rapid handling. Our own modified isolator for gnotobiotic lamb rearing (Fig. 2) made out of glass-reinforced plastic with plexiglass sight holes was used for group rearing. It was more resistant to mechanical damage in comparison with the isolators equipped with PVC sheet pouches. The use of an isolator for feed and material (Fig. 3) and of an isolator for waste material storage with a PVC sheet pouch was found to be very practical; these isolators were connected to the rearing isolator through piping. The ventilation system was sufficient enough. An emasculator was used for hysterectomy. The method is simple and rapid, reliable and it enabled to preserve lambing ewes for other experimental purposes. Gnotobiotic lambs were successfully fed a milk replacer for calves. Samples of biological material (blood, rumen fluid, droppings) were taken from lambs kept in the isolator. The isolators were sterilized with 2% solution of peracetic acid sprayed as aerosol. Milk, materials made of glass and metal were autoclaved at a temperature of 121 degrees C, pressure 1.2 atm, for 30 minutes, and the concentrate mixture was sterilized with an X-ray dose of 2.5 Mrad. All the used methods of sterilization were fully efficient. A modified method reliably detecting lamb and isolator contamination was used for microbiological monitoring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- MeSH
- chov zvířat * MeSH
- gnotobiologické modely * MeSH
- ovce * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
