Daily milk, fat and protein yield and amount of somatic cells in cow milk are very important factors that influence milk performance traits. An association between polymorphisms in the kappa casein (CSN3) gene and milk production, composition and technical properties has been previously reported; however, this type of information is not available for the bovine β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene--the BCO2 gene has relationship with milk color and meat fat color, which is dependent on content of β-carotene. We analyzed these two genes and their relationship with milk performance traits (daily milk, fat and protein yield, somatic cell count, SCC) in one cattle population, Czech Fleckvieh (N = 152). All animals were milked twice a day and kept in the same environmental conditions. The Fleckvieh is a typical Czech cattle breed farming for milk and meat production. It is the most common breed in the Czech Republic. DNA was isolated from milk or from hairs. Genes were analyzed using PCR-RFLP, frequencies of alleles and genotypes were calculated and association analysis was performed using a GLM Procedure in SAS. Statistical analysis established that the CSN3 gene has no statistically significant influence on daily milk, fat and protein yield and SCC. Compared to other references this result can be explained by, e.g., small group of animals and different cattle breed. The BCO2 gene (genotypes AA and AG) shows a statistically significant relationship (P = 0.05) with daily milk, protein yield and SCC.
- MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- kaseiny genetika MeSH
- mléko * MeSH
- oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí genetika MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- beta-carotene hydroxylase MeSH Prohlížeč
- DNA primery MeSH
- kaseiny MeSH
- oxygenasy se smíšenou funkcí MeSH
The goal of this work was to develop a protocol for rapid genotyping of A and G variants at the CSN2 locus and genotyping of T and C variants at the CSN3 locus in sheep breeds (Sumava and Valachian) by means of PCR and LightCycler analysis. The LightCycler technique combines rapid and efficient in vitro amplification of DNA in glass capillaries with melting curve analysis based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the sensitive detection of point mutation. The A variant had a greater frequency (Sumava, 0.778; Valachian, 0.835) than did variant G (Sumava, 0.222; Valachian, 0.165) in both sheep breeds. The CSN3 locus was found to be monomorphic, with no polymorphism identified in either population.
- MeSH
- genotyp * MeSH
- kaseiny genetika MeSH
- ovce genetika MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody veterinární MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- rezonanční přenos fluorescenční energie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kaseiny MeSH
The 4 casein loci were evaluated as haplotypes in 2 dairy goat breeds kept in the Czech Republic. Analysis of 41 White Shorthaired (WSH) trio families and 44 Brown Shorthaired (BSH) trio families revealed 14 and 20 haplotypes, respectively. Various genomic techniques were used to type the casein loci. Twenty-two different combinations of these alleles (casein haplotypes, in the order CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN1S2-CSN3) were found. Only 5 haplotypes in the WSH breed and 6 haplotypes in the BSH breed occurred at frequencies >0.05. For the WSH breed, the most common haplotype was FCFB (0.260), whereas for the BSH breed, the most common haplotype was FCFA (0.217). The information on the haplotype variability in both breeds could be used in breeding programs aimed at preserving biodiversity or selecting animals for specific protein production and cheesemaking.
- MeSH
- chov * MeSH
- frekvence genu MeSH
- kaseiny genetika MeSH
- kozy genetika MeSH
- multigenová rodina genetika MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kaseiny MeSH
A protocol was developed for rapid genotyping of A and C variants at the CSN2 locus in goat species (White Shorthaired and Brown Shorthaired goat) by PCR and LightCycler analysis. The LightCycler technique combines rapid and efficient in vitro amplification of DNA in glass capillaries, with melting curve analysis based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer, for the sensitive detection of point mutation. Analysis of the CSN2 variability in the 2 goat breeds reared in the Czech Republic validated the genotyping test. Monitoring of CSN2 variability in the goat breeds indicates the predominance of the C allele. In both breeds, CSN2*A and CSN2*C showed almost similar frequencies. Variant CSN2*C occurred with a frequency of 0.699 in White Shorthaired goats and 0.570 in Brown Short-haired goats.
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- chov MeSH
- frekvence genu MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- kaseiny genetika MeSH
- kozy genetika MeSH
- mlékárenství MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kaseiny MeSH
Genetic analysis of RFLP was used for detection of genotype and allele frequencies of kappa-casein in Slovakian Spotted (60 bulls) and Slovakian Pinzgau (22 bulls) cattle breeds, according to the method of Medrano et al. (1990). DNA was prepared from the semen of animals. In the Slovakian Spotted breed the frequencies of alleles were as follows: kappa-CnA = 0.666, kappa-CnB = 0.333. The frequencies of kappa-Cn A/A, A/B and B/B genotypes were 45.00, 43.33 and 11.66, respectively. In the 22 tested Pinzgau bulls, the frequencies of the A and B alleles were 0.682 and 0.318, respectively. The percentual occurrence of genotypes was also determined: 54.54 (kappa-Cn A/A), 27.27 (kappa-Cn A/B) and 18.18 (kappa-Cn B/B). Comparing our own results with those of Mácha et al. (1968), who carried out the analysis of distribution of the kappa-casein genetic variants in the same cattle breeds by starch gel electrophoresis of the milk samples of 170 cows (Tab. I), the 16 p.c. decrease of the allele B in the Slovakian Spotted cattle, lasting about 30 years, is very remarkable. The occurrence of homozygous genotype BB decreased by 35 p.c. In addition, the homozygous genotype AA increased by about 18 p.c. and the occurrence of heterozygous genotype is also higher by nearly 17 p.c. In the same comparison of the Slovakian Pinzgau breed, no difference was estimated in the allele frequencies of kappa-Cn (Tab. I).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Distribution of alleles of the alphas-casein complex was studied by isoelectric focusing in the White Shorthaired Polled goat according to the method of Krause et al. (1988) and Mahé et al. (1993). In addition to the common alleles alpha s1-CnA and B, the alpha s1-CnE allele is described; it has not yet been observed in this breed. We are not able to confirm the occurrence of the alpha s1-CnC allele. At least one out of three defective mutants (alpha s1-CnD,F and 0) was found, nevertheless their identification was not discussed. The following percentile occurrence (Tab. I) of the above-mentioned alleles of alpha s1-casein was determined: alpha s1-CnA = 11.30; alpha s1-CnB = 38.26; alpha s1-CnC = 0; alpha s1-CnE = 17.39; alpha s1-CnX = 33.04 (the letter X indicates the defective mutants without specifying their type and number). Our results differ significantly from those of Boulamger et al. (1984), Grosclaude et al. (1987) and Trakovická (1992). Higher (in contrast to the French authors) and lower alpha s1-casein allele rates (as compared to Trakovická, 1992) were observed. The higher occurrence of the alpha s2-CnB is also conspicuous. However, our observations correspond to those according to which the "strong" alleles have higher frequencies in European breeds than in the French ones (Grosclaude et al., 1992-cit. Mahé et al., 1993). The alleles of alpha s2-casein were also investigated. The electrophoretic variant of the alpha s2-casein was observed next to the type B and located closer to the anode (suspected mutation); on that account it was named B-. This variant was also seen in a homozygous form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
