An important motivation for the use of nanomaterials and nanoarchitectures in cancer therapy emanates from the widespread emergence of drug resistance. Although doxorubicin (DOX) induces cell cycle arrest and DNA damage by suppressing topoisomerase activity, resistance to DOX has severely restricted its anti-cancer potential. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been extensively utilized for synthesizing nanoparticles as it interacts with CD44 expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Cancer cells can take up HA-modified nanoparticles through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Various types of nanostructures such as carbon nanomaterials, lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanocarriers have been modified with HA to enhance the delivery of DOX to cancer cells. Hyaluronic acid-based advanced materials provide a platform for the co-delivery of genes and drugs along with DOX to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy and overcome chemoresistance. In the present review, the potential methods and application of HA-modified nanostructures for DOX delivery in anti-cancer therapy are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• CD44, Doxorubicin, Drug resistance, Endocytosis, Hyaluronic acid, Nanodelivery system, Theranostic,
• MeSH
• chemorezistence * účinky léků   MeSH
• doxorubicin * farmakologie   chemie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová * chemie   MeSH
• lékové transportní systémy metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nosiče léků * chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• doxorubicin * MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová * MeSH
• nosiče léků * MeSH

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Majority of recent research efforts in the field aim to address why cancer resistance to therapy develops and how to overcome or prevent it. In line with this, novel anti-cancer compounds are desperately needed for chemoresistant cancer cells. Phytochemicals, in view of their pharmacological activities and capacity to target various molecular pathways, are of great interest in the development of therapeutics against cancer. Plant-derived-natural products have poor bioavailability which restricts their anti-tumor activity. Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid exclusively found in natural sources such as gallnut, sumac, tea leaves, and oak bark. In this review, we report on the most recent research related to anti-tumor activities of GA in various cancers with a focus on its underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular pathwaysthat that lead to apoptosis and migration of cancer cells. GA down-regulates the expression of molecular pathways involved in cancer progression such as PI3K/Akt. The co-administration of GA with chemotherapeutic agents shows improvements in suppressing cancer malignancy. Various nano-vehicles such as organic- and inorganic nano-materials have been developed for targeted delivery of GA at the tumor site. Here, we suggest that nano-vehicles improve GA bioavailability and its ability for tumor suppression.

• Klíčová slova
• Apoptosis, Cancer treatment, Gallic acid, Medicinal herbs, Metastasis, Nano-scale delivery,
• MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• fytogenní protinádorové látky aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kyselina gallová aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nanočásticový lékový transportní systém * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytogenní protinádorové látky MeSH
• kyselina gallová MeSH
• nanočásticový lékový transportní systém * MeSH

Gene therapy is an emerging and promising strategy in cancer therapy where small interfering RNA (siRNA) system has been deployed for down-regulation of targeted gene and subsequent inhibition in cancer progression; some issues with siRNA, however, linger namely, its off-targeting property and degradation by enzymes. Nanoparticles can be applied for the encapsulation of siRNA thus enhancing its efficacy in gene silencing where chitosan (CS), a linear alkaline polysaccharide derived from chitin, with superb properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, stability and solubility, can play a vital role. Herein, the potential of CS nanoparticles has been discussed for the delivery of siRNA in cancer therapy; proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance are suppressed by siRNA-loaded CS nanoparticles, especially the usage of pH-sensitive CS nanoparticles. CS nanoparticles can provide a platform for the co-delivery of siRNA and anti-tumor agents with their enhanced stability via chemical modifications. As pre-clinical experiments are in agreement with potential of CS-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery, and these carriers possess biocompatibiliy and are safe, further studies can focus on evaluating their utilization in cancer patients.

• Klíčová slova
• Cancer therapy, Chitosan, Gene delivery, Nanoparticle, Small interfering RNA (siRNA),
• MeSH
• chemorezistence účinky léků   MeSH
• chitosan chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malá interferující RNA chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• nádory farmakoterapie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nosiče léků chemie   MeSH
• protinádorové látky chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• umlčování genů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chitosan MeSH
• malá interferující RNA MeSH
• nosiče léků MeSH
• protinádorové látky MeSH