Psoriasis is a chronic non-contagious autoimmune disease. Gallic acid is a natural compound with potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial properties. Nevertheless, the influence of gallic acid on psoriasis has not been fully determined. This investigation aimed to discover the effect of gallic acid on psoriasis. Thirty-one pairs of psoriatic skin tissues and healthy adult human skin tissues were collected. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were transfected with interleukin 17A (IL-17A) to create the psoriatic keratinocyte model. The content of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) microRNA was assessed using qRT-PCR testing. The content of BRD4 was detected by Western blotting. Cell migration was evaluated by conducting a wound healing assay. Cell proliferation was determined using an EdU assay. Apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. The contents of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17 were detected by ELISA. BRD4 was up-regulated in psoriatic skin tissues and in the IL-17A group compared to the healthy adult human skin tissues and the control group. Silencing BRD4 inhibited cell migration, proliferation and inflammatory response but induced apoptosis in IL-17A-treated HaCaT cells. Conversely, BRD4 over-expression promoted cell migration, proliferation and inflammatory response but suppressed apoptosis in IL-17A-treated HaCaT cells. Gallic acid repressed cell migration, proliferation and inflammatory response but indu-ced apoptosis in HaCaT cells transfected with IL-17A by down-regulating BRD4. Gallic acid represses cell migration, proliferation and inflammatory response but induces apoptosis in IL-17A-transfected HaCaT cells by down-regulating BRD4.

• Klíčová slova
• BRD4, gallic acid, hyperproliferation, inflammation, keratinocytes, psoriasis,
• MeSH
• apoptóza * účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčné linie keratinocytů HaCaT MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interleukin-17 metabolismus   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• keratinocyty * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina gallová * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• pohyb buněk * účinky léků   MeSH
• proliferace buněk * účinky léků   MeSH
• proteiny buněčného cyklu * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• proteiny obsahující bromodoménu MeSH
• psoriáza * metabolismus   patologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese účinky léků   MeSH
• transkripční faktory * metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět * patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• BRD4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin-17 MeSH
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• kyselina gallová * MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH
• proteiny buněčného cyklu * MeSH
• proteiny obsahující bromodoménu MeSH
• transkripční faktory * MeSH

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Majority of recent research efforts in the field aim to address why cancer resistance to therapy develops and how to overcome or prevent it. In line with this, novel anti-cancer compounds are desperately needed for chemoresistant cancer cells. Phytochemicals, in view of their pharmacological activities and capacity to target various molecular pathways, are of great interest in the development of therapeutics against cancer. Plant-derived-natural products have poor bioavailability which restricts their anti-tumor activity. Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid exclusively found in natural sources such as gallnut, sumac, tea leaves, and oak bark. In this review, we report on the most recent research related to anti-tumor activities of GA in various cancers with a focus on its underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular pathwaysthat that lead to apoptosis and migration of cancer cells. GA down-regulates the expression of molecular pathways involved in cancer progression such as PI3K/Akt. The co-administration of GA with chemotherapeutic agents shows improvements in suppressing cancer malignancy. Various nano-vehicles such as organic- and inorganic nano-materials have been developed for targeted delivery of GA at the tumor site. Here, we suggest that nano-vehicles improve GA bioavailability and its ability for tumor suppression.

• Klíčová slova
• Apoptosis, Cancer treatment, Gallic acid, Medicinal herbs, Metastasis, Nano-scale delivery,
• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky fytogenní aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• apoptóza účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina gallová aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nanočásticový lékový transportní systém * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antitumorózní látky fytogenní MeSH
• kyselina gallová MeSH
• nanočásticový lékový transportní systém * MeSH

Effects of 0, 1, 5, 25 and 125 μmol/g gallic acid (GA) without or with ultrasound treatment (20 kHz, 400 w, 5 min) (NU or U groups) on properties of Japanese seerfish myofibrillar protein (MP) were studied. After sonication, tryptophan fluorescence decreased while surface hydrophobicity, free amine and SH content (not U125) and solubility increased. After heating, NU125 showed the heaviest polymers among NU groups, but U5 exhibited the strongest while U125 showed the weakest polymers in U groups. Storage modulus (G') of NU groups showed a dose-dependent style, but for U groups, U5 had the highest G' while U125 had the lowest G'. Mass analysis confirmed the formation of Cys-GA-Cys and Lys-GA-Lys polymers in U125. Thus, ultrasound promoted structural unfolding and reactive groups exposure, producing GA quinone by triggering OH·. These together led to the G' improvement by low dose GA but deterioration by high does GA.

• Klíčová slova
• 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (PubChem CID: 11045), 5,5′-Dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (PubChem CID: 6254), Amino-quinone adduct, Bromophenol blue (PubChem CID: 8272), Gallic acid, Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370), Hydroxyl radical, Maleic acid (PubChem CID: 444266), Myofibrillar protein, N-Ethylmaleimide (PubChem CID: 4362), Rheological properties, Sodium dodecyl sulfate (PubChem CID: 3423265), Thiol-quinone adduct, Ultrasound, l-Leucine (PubChem CID: 6106), β-Mercaptoethanol (PubChem CID: 1567),
• MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• kyselina gallová chemie   MeSH
• rybí proteiny chemie   MeSH
• ultrazvuk MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyselina gallová MeSH
• rybí proteiny MeSH

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Burkholderia cenocepacia are considered emerging pathogens classified as a public health problem due to extensive antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic strategies has become crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of gallic acid and methyl gallate against non-fermenting bacteria. The study included five clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Burkholderia cenocepacia. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of gallic acid and methyl gallate were determined by the broth microdilution method. Growth curves, metabolic activity, and biofilm formation of each bacterial strain in the presence or absence of phenolic compounds were performed. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of the compounds was evaluated using an in vivo model. Gallic acid and methyl gallate showed antibacterial activity against bacterial strains in a concentration range of 64 to 256 µg/mL, both compounds reduced bacterial growth and metabolic activity of the strains, even at subinhibitory concentrations. Only, methyl gallate exhibited activity to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms. Moreover, gallic acid and methyl gallate increased larval survival by up to 60% compared to 30% survival of untreated larvae in a bacterial infection model in Galleria mellonella. Our results highlight the potential of gallic acid and methyl gallate as therapeutic alternatives for infections by emerging non-fermentative bacteria.

• Klíčová slova
• Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Antimicrobial activity, Phenolic compounds,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• biofilmy * účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina gallová * farmakologie   analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• larva mikrobiologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• kyselina gallová * MeSH
• methyl gallate MeSH Prohlížeč

Salinity stress significantly impacts crops, disrupting their water balance and nutrient uptake, reducing growth, yield, and overall plant health. High salinity in soil can adversely affect plants by disrupting their water balance. Excessive salt levels can lead to dehydration, hinder nutrient absorption, and damage plant cells, ultimately impairing growth and reducing crop yields. Gallic acid (GA) and zinc ferrite (ZnFNP) can effectively overcome this problem. GA can promote root growth, boost photosynthesis, and help plants absorb nutrients efficiently. However, their combined application as an amendment against drought still needs scientific justification. Zinc ferrite nanoparticles possess many beneficial properties for soil remediation and medical applications. That's why the current study used a combination of GA and ZnFNP as amendments to wheat. There were 4 treatments, i.e., 0, 10 µM GA, 15 μM GA, and 20 µM GA, without and with 5 μM ZnFNP applied in 4 replications following a completely randomized design. Results exhibited that 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control. Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP. Furthermore, improvement in N, P, and K concentration in grain and shoot verified the effective functioning of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP compared to control. In conclusion, 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP can potentially improve the growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes of wheat cultivated in salinity stress. More investigations are suggested to declare 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different cereal crops.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant, Chlorophyll content, Gallic acid, Growth attributes, Zinc ferrite nanoparticles,
• MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza účinky léků   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina gallová * metabolismus   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• pšenice * růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• solný stres * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * MeSH
• zinek metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• ferrite MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyselina gallová * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * MeSH
• zinek MeSH

'Tar bush' and 'creosote bush' were substrates of fungal cultivation for tannase production and gallic acid and pyrocatechol accumulation. Aspergillus niger GH1 grew similarly on both plant materials under solid state culture conditions, reaching maximal levels after 4 d. Fungal strain degraded all tannin content of creosote bush after 4 d of fermentation and >75 % of tar bush after 5 d. Higher level of tannase activity was detected in tar bush fermentation. Biotransformation of tannins to gallic acid was high (93 % in creosote bush and 89 % in tar bush). Pyrocatechol was released poorly. Kinetic parameters of tannin conversion were calculated.

• MeSH
• Aspergillus niger enzymologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Asteraceae chemie   MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• buněčné kultury MeSH
• karboxylesterhydrolasy biosyntéza   MeSH
• katecholy metabolismus   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• kultivační média metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina gallová metabolismus   MeSH
• Larrea chemie   MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• průmyslová mikrobiologie metody   MeSH
• taniny metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• catechol MeSH Prohlížeč
• karboxylesterhydrolasy MeSH
• katecholy MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• kyselina gallová MeSH
• taniny MeSH
• tannase MeSH Prohlížeč

The purpose of the present study was to study the synergy potential of gallic acid-based derivatives in combination with conventional antibiotics using multidrug resistant cultures of Escherichia coli. Gallic acid-based derivatives significantly reduced the MIC of tetracycline against multidrug resistant clinical isolate of E. coli. The best representative, 3-(3',4,'5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,5,6-trimethoxyindanone-1, an indanone derivative of gallic acid, was observed to inhibit ethidium bromide efflux and ATPase which was also supported by in silico docking. This derivative extended the post-antibiotic effect and decreased the mutation prevention concentration of tetracycline. This derivative in combination with TET was able to reduce the concentration of TNFα up to 18-fold in Swiss albino mice. This derivative was nontoxic and well tolerated up to 300 mg/kg dose in subacute oral toxicity study in mice. This is the first report of gallic acid-based indanone derivative as drug resistance reversal agent acting through ATP-dependent efflux pump inhibition.

• Klíčová slova
• ATPase, Efflux pump inhibition, Gallic acid, Indanone derivative, Subacute oral toxicity, Synergy,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   MeSH
• indany aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina gallová aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• makrofágy účinky léků   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
• septický šok prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• synergismus léků * MeSH
• tetracyklin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• indacrinone MeSH Prohlížeč
• indany MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů MeSH
• kyselina gallová MeSH
• tetracyklin MeSH

The frequency of his+ revertants induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in the strain TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium was decreased by gallic and tannic acid. In weak buffer solutions, the inhibition effects of gallic acid towards MNU and MNNG mutagenicity was caused primarily by a decrease of pH in the incubation mixtures. At adjusted pH (pH 5.0 and 6.5), the antimutagenic effects are largely the result of an interaction between MNU or MNNG with phenolic acids outside the cells.

• MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny farmakologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kyselina gallová farmakologie   MeSH
• methylnitronitrosoguanidin farmakologie   MeSH
• methylnitrosomočovina farmakologie   MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• taniny farmakologie   MeSH
• testy genotoxicity MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny MeSH
• kyselina gallová MeSH
• methylnitronitrosoguanidin MeSH
• methylnitrosomočovina MeSH
• taniny MeSH

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of syringic acid (SA), a plant secondary metabolite (PSM), on the properties of soil contaminated with 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and the condition of two cucurbit species zucchini (C. pepo L. 'Atena Polka') and cucumber (C. sativus 'Cezar') grown on that soil. It was found that amendment with MCPA and MCPA + SA modified the soil physico-chemical properties. Content of N and K was significantly higher for variants amended with SA and/or MCPA, while P content was lower in variant amended with SA. The cucurbits demonstrated varied efficiencies in mitigating the phytotoxicity of the MCPA-treated soil. For soil amended with MCPA + SA, samples remediated with cucumber were characterized as slightly toxic or toxic (45.2%-81.5%), while those planted with zucchini were nontoxic or slightly toxic (-40.6%-47.8%). Development of cucumber seedlings was fully inhibited by MCPA, regardless of SA application, zucchini demonstrated enhanced growth in soil treated with MCPA + SA and no statistically significant differences between morphological parameters of MCPA + SA-treated zucchini in comparison to control plants were observed. The obtained findings suggest that the application of SA is a promising way to mitigate the toxic influence of MCPA in the soil, depending on the cultivated plant species. Novelty statement: The study meets the criteria of novelty and innovativeness. Most importantly, the study is focused on: phytotoxicity studies to inform about the limitations of phytotechnology based on PSMs. Additionally, this manuscript provides an interdisciplinary description of the effects of MCPA and naturally occurring PSM- SA on cucurbits and soil parameters. Such studies, which combine the interactions between cucurbits, their secondary metabolite (SA) and their role in mitigation of phytotoxicity in MCPA-contaminated soil, has not been performed before.

• Klíčová slova
• Biological remediation methods, MCPA, cucurbits, phytotoxicity, plant secondary metabolites, syringic acid,
• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• herbicidy * MeSH
• kyselina gallová analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• MCPA * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• herbicidy * MeSH
• kyselina gallová MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
• MCPA * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• syringic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Root exudates of the common buckwheat, especially phenolic compounds, were studied. Their contents, both in the soil during the growing season and in agar medium during germination, were determined by HPLC and GC-MS. The allelopathic activity of the soil from a buckwheat stand was evaluated, as well. Palmitic acid, squalene, epicatechin, vitexin, a gallic acid derivative, and a quercetin derivative were the main compounds of the agar medium. In the soil, palmitic acid methyl ester, vanillic acid, rutin, a gallic acid derivative, and a 4-hydroxyacetophenone derivative were identified. The effects of vitexin, squalene, epicatechin, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, and vanillic and gallic acids were tested on eight plant species. Inhibitive effects were observed in the cases of 4-hydroxyacetophenone and vanillic and gallic acids. Comparisons of the identified compounds and inhibitive effects of soil extracts indicated that palmitic acid and the gallic acid derivative probably have an important function in the allelopathic root response of buckwheat.

• MeSH
• Fagopyrum * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fenoly metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina gallová metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina palmitová metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• půda analýza   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin analýza   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fenoly MeSH
• kyselina gallová MeSH
• kyselina palmitová MeSH
• půda MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH