In 2011-2012, a survey was performed in three regional hospitals in the Czech Republic to determine the incidence of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) and to characterize bacterial isolates. C. difficile isolates were characterized by PCR ribotyping, toxin genes detection, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to fidaxomicin, vancomycin, metronidazole, clindamycin, LFF571, and moxifloxacin using agar dilution method. The incidence of CDI in three studied hospitals was 145, 146, and 24 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2011 and 177, 258, and 67 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2012. A total of 64 isolates of C. difficile was available for molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 60.9% of the isolates were classified as ribotype 176. All 41 isolates of ribotypes 176 and 078 were positive for the presence of binary toxin genes. Ribotype 176 also carried 18-bp deletion in the regulatory gene tcdC. Tested isolates of C. difficile were fully susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole, whereas 65.1% of the isolates were resistant to moxifloxacin. MLVA results indicated that isolates from three different hospitals were genetically related, suggesting transmission between healthcare facilities.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální toxiny analýza genetika MeSH
- Clostridioides difficile klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- diskové difúzní antimikrobiální testy MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- klostridiové infekce epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- minisatelitní repetice MeSH
- molekulární typizace * MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- ribotypizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- bakteriální toxiny MeSH
Flow cytometry is a method that allows simultaneous measurement and analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of cells or other biological particles during their passage through the laser beam. Although this method is mainly used in the study of cell differentiation and functional analysis of eukaryotic cells, the basic principles of flow cytometry can be applied to microorganisms. Methods based on the analysis of a single cell, such as flow cytometry, in combination with measurement of cell viability using special fluorescent probes allow a deeper insight into the diversity of populations and functioning of microbial communities and also facilitate understanding the phy-siological diversity of seemingly similar acting populations. When using specific fluorescent dyes for the selective labeling of selected species of microorganisms, the method is potentially very specific. The aim of this paper is a brief overview of applications of flow cytometry, which can be used in microbiology.
- Klíčová slova
- flow cytometry - microbiology - cell identification - cell viability - fluorescence probe.,
- MeSH
- Bacteria * cytologie MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky * MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fluorescenční barviva MeSH
Different methods for the detection of Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium (MAA) in naturally infected hens were compared. They included the conventional culture method (solid Herrold's and Stonebrink media and liquid Sula medium) and newly developed liquid culture systems, the manual mycobacteria growth indicator tube (M-MGIT) and the fully automated BACTEC MGIT 960 system (A-MGIT). 152 tissues originating from 15 naturally infected hens have been processed. The overall detection rates (percentage of positive cultures from the number of positive cultures determined by all the methods together) were 60, 70 and 76 % for the conventional media, M-MGIT and A-MGIT systems, respectively, the mean time of mycobacteria detection being 32.6, 17.6 and 14.6 d, respectively. The lowest contamination rate (2.0 %) was found in A-MGIT compared with M-MGIT (4.6 %) and conventional media (10.4 %).
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky veterinární MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy veterinární MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- kultivační média metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační techniky veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- Mycobacterium růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kultivační média MeSH
The members of Mycobacterium avium species, comprising M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. a. hominissuis, M. a. avium, M. a. silvaticum, are currently the most prevalent opportunistic pathogenic mycobacteria causing mycobacterial infection in animals and humans. The ability to distinguish between these subspecies is of relevance for proper diagnosis and control programmes of the diseases. The aim of this study was to design a fast and specific PCR strategy for the detection and differentiation of M. avium subspecies from the solid plate cultures for use in routine veterinary diagnosis. We have developed a multiplex PCR based on IS900, IS901, IS1245 and the dnaJ gene. This method allows the detection of M. a. paratuberculosis, M. a. hominissuis and M. a. avium/M. a. silvaticum in one PCR reaction and theoretically enables mixed infections of M. a. paratuberculosis and M. a. avium or M. a. paratuberculosis and M. a. hominissuis to be revealed. The sensitivity of this multiplex PCR is 10(3)CFU for each bacterial strain in one PCR reaction, which also enabled the use of this test directly for DNA isolated from the tissue of the heavily infected sheep.
- MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium klasifikace MeSH
- mykobakteriózy diagnóza mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ovcí diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
Avian tuberculosis was detected in one flock of 38 water birds of the families Ardeideae (n = 20) and Threskiornithidae (n = 18). Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA, serotype 1, genotype IS901+ and IS1245+) was more often (p = 0.01) detected in tissue and/or faecal samples in 18 (90.0%) birds form the Ardeideae family: little egret (Egretta garzetta), buff-backed heron (Bubulcus ibis), great white egret (Egretta alba), and bittern (Botaurus stellaris) in comparison to two (11.1%) birds from the Threskiornithidae family: sacred ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus). Avian tuberculosis was not diagnosed in spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia). Tuberculous lesions were found in nine birds. MAA isolates of IS901 RFLP type F-C3 were present in all of the 20 infected birds and in all environmental isolates. A mixed infection with the MAA isolates of three RFLP types F-C3 (tissue isolate), G-C3, and T-C3 (faecal isolates) was found in one sacred ibis. All 20 tissue isolates of IS901 RFLP type F-C3 from 20 birds and 8 environmental MAA isolates were fully virulent in pullets, whilst the isolates of RFLP types G-C3 and T-C3 were non-virulent in pullets. All of the tested MAA isolates had the same IS1245 RFLP "bird profile". In 12 of 20 infected birds with MAA M.a. hominissuis isolates of serotypes 4, 8, 9 and genotype IS901- and IS1245+ were detected and in 8 other birds mycobacteria not belonging to the M. avium complex were found. The presence of MAA in the environment may be a source for further spread of the causal agent of avian tuberculosis among other groups of animals in zoological gardens, farm animals, and also among their keepers.
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata mikrobiologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata mikrobiologie MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium klasifikace izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů * MeSH
- ptačí tuberkulóza mikrobiologie patologie přenos MeSH
- ptáci MeSH
- sérotypizace veterinární MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií metody veterinární MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Some mycobacterial species (particularly Mycobacterium marinum) found in aquarium environments may cause chronic diseases in fish and cutaneous infections in humans, the so-called 'fish tank granuloma'. The presence and distribution of mycobacterial species in clinically healthy aquarium fish and their environment has not been adequately explored. The present study analysed the occurrence of mycobacteria in a decorative aquarium (Brno, South Moravia) and in five aquaria of a professional fish breeder (Bohumin, North Moravia). After Ziehl-Neelsen staining, acid-fast rods (AFR) were observed in six (14.3%) and mycobacteria were detected by culture in 18 (42.9%) of 42 tissue samples from 19 fish. Sixty-five samples of the aqueous environment from all six aquaria were examined; AFR were found in 16 (24.6%) and mycobacteria were detected by culture in 49 (75.4%) samples. Forty-one (70.7%) of 58 selected mycobacterial isolates were identified biochemically as follows: M. fortuitum, M. flavescens, M. chelonae, M. gordonae, M. terrae, M. triviale, M. diernhoferi, M. celatum, M. kansasii and M. intracellulare. The clinically important species for humans and fish, M. marinum, was not detected. Mycobacterium kansasii was isolated from one sample of the aquarium environment from North Moravia, which is a region of the Czech Republic with endemic incidence of M. kansasii in water. The incidence of other conditionally pathogenic mycobacterial species in healthy fish and in all investigated constituents of the aquarium environment including snails and crustaceans used for fish feeding, was quite high. Accordingly, mycobacterial species from aquarium environments may serve as a possible source of infection for both aquarium fish and immunodeficient fish handlers.
- MeSH
- atypické mykobakteriální infekce epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- netuberkulózní mykobakterie klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- rybářství MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
An operating method for the eyelid margin reconstruction is described. Using a free full thickness lid graft obtained from the opposite lid in 46 cases of lid margin basal cell carcinoma always in one intervention without tarsorhaphy, satisfactory final cosmetic as well functional success resulted.
- MeSH
- bazocelulární karcinom chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgické laloky metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory očního víčka chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The authors describe an automatic instrument of their own design for disinfection of ophthalmological tonometers by germicide radiation. The tests of effectiveness against microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), spores of Bacillus mesentericus, adenoviruses and viruses of Herpes simplex provided evidence of a high disinfectant potency of the apparatus.
- MeSH
- extrakce katarakty * MeSH
- glaukom chirurgie MeSH
- katarakta etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metody MeSH
- pooperační komplikace chirurgie MeSH
- přední komora oční chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- glaukom chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metody MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- přední komora oční chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
