AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine how various compounds known to be positive mutagens, contribute to the development of mutations leading to ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium. The molecular mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in treated strains was investigated. METHODS: A modified version of the incorporation plate test was used for quantitative determination of ciprofloxacin resistant mutants and for assessment of the mutation frequency induced by the positive mutagens in different concentrations. An AS-PCR-RFLP for monitoring of gyrA mutations was applied. RESULTS: Mutation frequency, expressed as number of antibiotic resistant colonies per 10(8) viable cells, was much higher after exposure of bacterial cells to 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylic acid and 2-nitrofluorene. All isolated cultures retain decreased susceptibility to antibiotic after multiple passages in antibiotic-free medium. 2-nitrofluorene was the best inducer of mutations in gyrA and in regulation genes affecting suppression of synthesis of outer membrane porins. 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylic acid gives rise to overproduction of efflux pump. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that antibiotic resistance may not be only a consequence of misuse of antibiotics. A polluted environment as well as food processing could contribute to this unwanted process.

• MeSH
• akryláty farmakologie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• DNA gyráza genetika   MeSH
• fluoreny farmakologie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mutace účinky léků   MeSH
• mutační rychlost MeSH
• mutageny farmakologie   MeSH
• nitrofurany farmakologie   MeSH
• poriny biosyntéza   MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány biosyntéza   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-nitrofluorene MeSH Prohlížeč
• akryláty MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• DNA gyráza MeSH
• fluoreny MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• mutageny MeSH
• nitrofurany MeSH
• nitrofurylacrylic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• poriny MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány MeSH

Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus equorum, and Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were isolated from Bryndza cheese and identified using PCR method. The antimicrobial susceptibility of these strains was assessed using disc diffusion method and broth microdilution method. The highest percentage of resistance was detected for ampicillin and oxacillin, and in contrary, isolates were susceptible or intermediate resistant to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Fourteen of the S. xylosus isolates (45%) and eleven of the S. equorum isolates (41%) exhibited multidrug resistance. None of the S. epidermidis isolate was multiresistant. The phenotypic resistance to oxacillin was verified by PCR amplification of the gene mecA.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• rezistence na methicilin MeSH
• Staphylococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

The effect of two phenolic compounds vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) and lignin on the development of drug/antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhimurium was studied. Using the modified Ames test we have shown that vanillin alone has negligible effect on spontaneous mutability to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin resistance. At the tested concentrations vanillin reduces the toxicity of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and reduces the ability of this compound to induce mutations leading to ciprofloxacin but not to gentamicin resistance. Lignin at higher concentrations increases mutagenicity to ciprofloxacin resistance and possess considerable inhibition effect on the spontaneous and 4NQO induced mutability to gentamicin resistance.

• MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• benzaldehydy farmakologie   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• fenoly farmakologie   MeSH
• gentamiciny farmakologie   MeSH
• lignin farmakologie   MeSH
• mutace účinky léků   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzaldehydy MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• gentamiciny MeSH
• lignin MeSH
• vanillin MeSH Prohlížeč

In the present study, the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA 100 was used in the plate-incorporation test to examine the antimutagenic potential of caffeic, ferulic and cichoric acids extracted from plant species of genera Echinacea (L) Moench, as well as of another phenolic acids, on 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid (5NFAA) and sodium azide mutagenicity. All tested compounds possess antimutagenic activity. In the case of 5NFAA, the antimutagenic potency of tested compounds was in the order of gallic acid > ferulic acid > caffeic acid > syringic acid > vanillic acid. The mutagenic effect of sodium azide was inhibited by tested phenolic acids by about 20-35 %. The most effective compound, gallic acid inhibits this effect by 82 % in the concentration of 500 mug/plate. The only exception from favourable properties of tested phenolic acids is cichoric acid, which in the contrary significantly increased the mutagenic effect of 5NFAA.

• MeSH
• antimutagenní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• fenoly farmakologie   MeSH
• mutace účinky léků   MeSH
• mutageny farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• testy genotoxicity MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antimutagenní látky MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• mutageny MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

In this paper we investigated the ability of 2-nitrofluorene to induce mutations leading to antibiotic resistance in quinolone-sensitive strain Salmonella typhimurium. After preincubation of bacteria with 2-nitrofluorene, the frequency of mutation to ciprofloxacin resistance was 57 fold higher than in the case of spontaneous mutability. Some of resultant resistant colonies showed a great increase of ciprofloxacin MIC.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální geny účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• fluoreny farmakologie   MeSH
• mutace účinky léků   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-nitrofluorene MeSH Prohlížeč
• antiinfekční látky MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• fluoreny MeSH