OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of short-term inhalational exposure to nanoparticles released during dental composite grinding on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers were examined before and after exposure in dental workshop. They spent 76.8 ± 0.7 min in the testing room during grinding of dental nanocomposites. The individual exposure to aerosol particles in each participant´s breathing zones was monitored using a personal nanoparticle sampler (PENS). Exhaled breath condensate (EBC), blood, and urine samples were collected pre- and post-exposure to measure one oxidative stress marker, i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and two biomarkers of antioxidant capacity, i.e., ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) by spectrophotometry. Spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were used to evaluate the effect of acute inhalational exposure. RESULTS: Mean mass of dental nanocomposite ground away was 0.88 ± 0.32 g. Average individual doses of respirable particles and nanoparticles measured by PENS were 380 ± 150 and 3.3 ± 1.3 μg, respectively. No significant increase of the post-exposure oxidative stress marker TBARS in EBC and plasma was seen. No decrease in antioxidant capacity biomarkers FRAP and GSH in EBC post-exposure was seen, either. Post-exposure, conjunctival hyperemia was seen in 62.5% volunteers; however, no impairment in spirometry or FeNO results was observed. No correlation of any biomarker measured with individual exposure was found, however, several correlations with interfering factors (age, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and environmental pollution parameters) were seen. CONCLUSIONS: This study, using oxidative stress biomarker and antioxidant capacity biomarkers in biological fluids of volunteers during the grinding of dental nanocomposites did not prove a negative effect of this intense short-term exposure. However, further studies are needed to evaluate oxidative stress in long-term exposure of both stomatologists and patients and diverse populations with varying health statuses.
- Klíčová slova
- Dental nanocomposite, Exhaled airway markers, Nanoparticles, Occupational lung disease, Respiratory function test,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- dechové testy MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glutathion MeSH
- inhalační expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nanočástice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- nanokompozity * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- oxid dusnatý analýza MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zubní lékaři * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- glutathion MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
- oxid dusnatý MeSH
Aim: Today, there is a lack of research studies concerning human acute exposure to nanoparticles (NPs). Our investigation aimed to simulate real-world acute inhalation exposure to NPs released during work with dental nanocomposites in a dental office or technician laboratory. Methods: Blood samples from female volunteers were processed before and after inhalation exposure. Transcriptomic mRNA and miRNA expression changes were analyzed. Results: We detected large interindividual variability, 90 significantly deregulated mRNAs, and 4 miRNAs when samples of participants before and after dental nanocomposite grinding were compared. Conclusion: The results suggest that inhaled dental NPs may present an occupational hazard to human health, as indicated by the changes in the processes related to oxidative stress, synthesis of eicosanoids, and cell division.
What is this article about? We searched for a possible impact of acute inhalation exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) released during the grinding of dental nanocomposites used for teeth reconstruction. The exposure design utilized in our study simulated the acute exposure of the dental staff to the NPs. Our research fills the gaps in knowledge in the field of acute human inhalation exposure to dental nanocomposites.What were the results? Results indicate that the impact of exposure to NPs is dependent on the style of working as well as on the interindividual biological variability among study subjects. Changes in expression levels of genes associated with an increase of oxidative stress, synthesis of eicosanoids (signaling molecules related to e.g., immune responses), and cell division were detected.What do the results of the study mean? All the observed changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, carcinogenesis, or problems during pregnancy. Occupational exposure to inhaled NPs, including those generated in dental practice can pose a significant health risk, and protective measures when working with these materials should be considered. More research is needed to compare our results with chronic (long-term) exposure to similar materials to show the hazards related to their inhalation.
- Klíčová slova
- acute exposure, nanocomposite, nanoparticles, stomatology, transcriptomics,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- inhalační expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- mikro RNA * genetika MeSH
- nanočástice chemie MeSH
- nanokompozity * chemie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transkriptom * účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- messenger RNA MeSH
- mikro RNA * MeSH
Nanoparticles (NPs) have become an important part of everyday life, including their application in dentistry. Aside from their undoubted benefits, questions regarding their risk to human health, and/or genome have arisen. However, studies concerning cytogenetic effects are completely absent. A group of women acutely exposed to an aerosol released during dental nanocomposite grinding was sampled before and after the work. Exposure monitoring including nano (PM0.1) and respirable (PM4) fractions was performed. Whole-chromosome painting for autosomes #1, #4, and gonosome X was applied to estimate the pattern of cytogenetic damage including structural and numerical alterations. The results show stable genomic frequency of translocations (FG/100), in contrast to a significant 37.8% (p<0.05) increase of numerical aberrations caused by monosomies (p<0.05), but not trisomies. Monosomies were mostly observed for chromosome X. In conclusion, exposure to nanocomposites in stomatology may lead to an increase in numerical aberrations which can be dangerous for dividing cells.
- Klíčová slova
- Acute exposure, Chromosomal aberrations, Fluorescence in situ hybridization, Nanocomposites, Stomatology,
- MeSH
- chromozomální aberace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malování chromozomů MeSH
- nanokompozity * toxicita chemie MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zubní materiály toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- zubní materiály MeSH
Dimetindene is a sedating antihistamine indicated for the symptomatic treatment of allergic conditions. Dimetindene is marketed among others under the trade name Fenistil (oral solution). Toxicity data are limited, and there is no consensus on the dose at which children require hospitalization. Objective is to determine the potentially toxic dose in children. Data in children with age up to 15 years were obtained from hospital discharge reports. Of 139 paediatric hospital discharge reports, 23 cases (16.5%) were excluded because of uncertain ingestion. In 116 children (46 boys and 70 girls, mean age 2 years and 9 months ± 1 year and 1 month), the majority of children developed no symptoms (87 children, 75%, mean age 3 years±1 year) and the remaining 29 children (25%, mean age 2 years and 11 months ± 1 year and 3 months) developed only mild and spontaneously resolving symptoms of poisoning after a dose of 0.82 ± 0.32 mg/kg b.w. (range 0.26-1.82 mg/kg). In 98% of all cases, hospitalized children were observed for a maximum 24 h, and their condition did not require specific treatment. In conclusion, the prognosis for accidental dimetindene poisoning in children appears to be good and the minimum toxic dose has been determined to be 0.5 mg/kg b.w.
- Klíčová slova
- children poisoning, dimetindene, sedating antihistamines, toxic dose,
- MeSH
- antagonisté histaminu H1 MeSH
- dimethinden * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- otrava * terapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antagonisté histaminu H1 MeSH
- dimethinden * MeSH
Aim: To find a practical biomonitoring method for researchers exposed to nanoparticles causing oxidative stress. Methods: In a continuation of a study in 2016-2018, biological samples (plasma, urine and exhaled breath condensate [EBC]) were collected in 2019-2020 from 43 researchers (13.8 ± 3.0 years of exposure) and 45 controls. Antioxidant status was assessed using glutathione (GSH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power, while oxidative stress was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, all using spectrophotometric methods. Researchers' personal nanoparticle exposure was monitored. Results: Plasma GSH was elevated in researchers both before and after exposure (p < 0.01); postexposure plasma GSH correlated with nanoparticle exposure, and GSH in EBC increased. Conclusion: The results suggest adaptation to chronic exposure to nanoparticles, as monitored by plasma and EBC GSH.
What is this study about? Identifying markers of oxidative stress and/or adaptation to oxidation stress could offer tools for monitoring exposure to nanoparticles in exposed researchers. In this study, we question whether these markers correlate with their personal exposure during the shift. What were the results? We found that exposure to nanoparticles correlated with the antioxidant marker glutathione, which is higher in workers who are already pre-exposed. What do the results mean? This study suggests that the researchers have adapted to nanoparticle exposure and are ready to combat oxidative stress. However, the similarity with increased markers of oxidative stress from asbestos and silica exposure, including nucleic acid oxidation, previously found in these researchers highlights the need for further research in this area to better understand and prevent potential future effects.
- Klíčová slova
- adaptation, antioxidant status, inhalation, nanoparticles, occupational, oxidative stress,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia * MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- dechové testy metody MeSH
- glutathion MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
- nanočástice * MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia * MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- glutathion MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to present an overview of the formal recognition of COVID-19 as occupational disease (OD) or injury (OI) across Europe. METHODS: A COVID-19 questionnaire was designed by a task group within COST-funded OMEGA-NET and sent to occupational health experts of 37 countries in WHO European region, with a last update in April 2022. RESULTS: The questionnaire was filled out by experts from 35 countries. There are large differences between national systems regarding the recognition of OD and OI: 40% of countries have a list system, 57% a mixed system and one country an open system. In most countries, COVID-19 can be recognised as an OD (57%). In four countries, COVID-19 can be recognised as OI (11%) and in seven countries as either OD or OI (20%). In two countries, there is no recognition possible to date. Thirty-two countries (91%) recognise COVID-19 as OD/OI among healthcare workers. Working in certain jobs is considered proof of occupational exposure in 25 countries, contact with a colleague with confirmed infection in 19 countries, and contact with clients with confirmed infection in 21 countries. In most countries (57%), a positive PCR test is considered proof of disease. The three most common compensation benefits for COVID-19 as OI/OD are disability pension, treatment and rehabilitation. Long COVID is included in 26 countries. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 can be recognised as OD or OI in 94% of the European countries completing this survey, across different social security and embedded occupational health systems.
- Klíčová slova
- COVID-19,
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- postakutní syndrom COVID-19 MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zaměstnání MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Sensory deficits can result in limitations regarding how well neuropsychological test findings can be interpreted. Only a few studies have investigated the influence of vision alteration on neuropsychological tests. In 2012 the Czech Republic experienced mass methanol poisoning. Methanol metabolites cause histotoxic hypoxia to the optic nerve. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, the effect of the toxic damage on the parts of the visual pathway on visual and non-visual neuropsychological measures was investigated using electrophysiological methods (visual evoked potential (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) with retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measurement. METHODS: 53 individuals who experienced methanol poisoning participated in this research (76% men; ages 24 to 74 years, mean = 43.8±14.6 years; education 11.9±1.4 years). Each participant underwent comprehensive neurological, ophthalmological, and neuropsychological examinations. RESULTS: The results of mixed-effect models revealed significant small to a medium association between the Stroop test weak interference and Grooved Pegboard with the left eye global, nasal and temporal RNFL thickness. Also, medium associations between the Finger Tapping test and the Stroop test weak interference and left eye temporal RNFL, right eye temporal RNFL, and the latency P1 of VEP in the left eye were significant. CONCLUSION: The results of this study found a small to medium association (r = .15- .33; p = .010- .046) between RNFL thickness and cognitive visual test performance. Careful interpretation is suggested regarding results obtained from visual tests of the executive or motor functioning with participants with RNFL decrease or other types of early visual processing damage.
- Klíčová slova
- Sensory deficit, differential diagnosis, methanol poisoning, neuropsychology assessment, visual impairment,
- MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methanol * MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- přežívající MeSH
- zrakové evokované potenciály * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- methanol * MeSH
- MeSH
- acetylcystein * terapeutické užití MeSH
- antidota terapeutické užití MeSH
- kobalt MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- unithiol * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- acetylcystein * MeSH
- antidota MeSH
- kobalt MeSH
- unithiol * MeSH
OBJECTIVES: In the Czech Republic, asbestos has been classified as a known human carcinogen since 1984. The use of asbestos-containing products was limited to scenarios where the use of other materials was not possible. Since 1997, the manufacture of asbestos materials has been forbidden, and in 1999, the import, manufacture and distribution of all types of asbestos fibres was legally banned by Act No. 157/1998 Coll. Although the use of asbestos is forbidden, the risk of exposure still exists given the ongoing demolition and reconstruction of buildings in which asbestos has been used. In addition, a novel risk has arisen through the quarrying of asbestos-containing aggregates and their subsequent use. The aim of this paper was to describe and evaluate asbestos in terms of history, legislation, current risk of occupational exposure and its health consequences in the Czech Republic over the last three decades. METHODS: This retrospective descriptive study used the collected data on occupational exposure and occupational diseases. The counts of workers occupationally exposed to asbestos were obtained from the Registry of Work Categorization; the numbers and structure of occupational diseases caused by asbestos were taken from the Czech National Registry of Occupational Diseases. Data on the total number of mesothelioma cases recorded in the Czech National Cancer Registry was provided by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic. RESULTS: A total of 13,112 subjects were registered as occupationally exposed to asbestos during the period 2001-2020. A total of 687 cases of asbestos-related occupational diseases were reported in the period 1991-2020 in the Czech Republic, comprising 178 cases of asbestosis, 250 cases of pleural hyalinosis, 168 cases of pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma, 90 cases of lung cancer, and one case of laryngeal cancer. The data from the Czech National Cancer Registry, available for a shorter period (1991-2018), reveal 1,389 cases of mesothelioma, of which only ~11% were recognised as occupational, despite the fact that the occupational causality of mesotheliomas is estimated to be up to 90% of mesotheliomas. Moreover, the latency of mesotheliomas since the last occupational exposure reached up to 50 years and this trend is still slightly increasing, unlike asbestosis, where a high cumulative dose of inhaled asbestos is needed. The real proportion of occupational lung cancers may obviously be even higher, especially in smokers, where occupational causes including asbestos are not suspected by most physicians. CONCLUSION: Czech data on asbestos-related occupational diseases, especially cancers, are grossly underestimated, which is most apparent through the low proportion of mesotheliomas diagnosed as occupational. Asbestos materials in older buildings remained in situ and may represent a danger during reconstruction works. The current source of exposure appears to be quarrying of asbestos-containing aggregate and its subsequent use. Awareness of the professional community is therefore crucial, not only for the possibility of compensating those affected, but also for the early detection of the diseases through the dispensary of exposed persons.
- Klíčová slova
- asbestos, asbestos ban, asbestos-related diseases, unrecognised occupational diseases, work categorization,
- MeSH
- azbest * toxicita MeSH
- azbestóza epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezoteliom epidemiologie MeSH
- nádory plic epidemiologie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * epidemiologie MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- azbest * MeSH
