OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of short-term inhalational exposure to nanoparticles released during dental composite grinding on oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four healthy volunteers were examined before and after exposure in dental workshop. They spent 76.8 ± 0.7 min in the testing room during grinding of dental nanocomposites. The individual exposure to aerosol particles in each participant´s breathing zones was monitored using a personal nanoparticle sampler (PENS). Exhaled breath condensate (EBC), blood, and urine samples were collected pre- and post-exposure to measure one oxidative stress marker, i.e., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and two biomarkers of antioxidant capacity, i.e., ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) by spectrophotometry. Spirometry and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were used to evaluate the effect of acute inhalational exposure. RESULTS: Mean mass of dental nanocomposite ground away was 0.88 ± 0.32 g. Average individual doses of respirable particles and nanoparticles measured by PENS were 380 ± 150 and 3.3 ± 1.3 μg, respectively. No significant increase of the post-exposure oxidative stress marker TBARS in EBC and plasma was seen. No decrease in antioxidant capacity biomarkers FRAP and GSH in EBC post-exposure was seen, either. Post-exposure, conjunctival hyperemia was seen in 62.5% volunteers; however, no impairment in spirometry or FeNO results was observed. No correlation of any biomarker measured with individual exposure was found, however, several correlations with interfering factors (age, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and environmental pollution parameters) were seen. CONCLUSIONS: This study, using oxidative stress biomarker and antioxidant capacity biomarkers in biological fluids of volunteers during the grinding of dental nanocomposites did not prove a negative effect of this intense short-term exposure. However, further studies are needed to evaluate oxidative stress in long-term exposure of both stomatologists and patients and diverse populations with varying health statuses.

• Klíčová slova
• Dental nanocomposite, Exhaled airway markers, Nanoparticles, Occupational lung disease, Respiratory function test,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   MeSH
• biologické markery * analýza   MeSH
• dechové testy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glutathion analýza   MeSH
• inhalační expozice * škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanokompozity * chemie   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres * MeSH
• pracovní expozice * analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zubní lékaři MeSH
• zubní materiály MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• biologické markery * MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• zubní materiály MeSH

Koletsky rats, the genetically obese strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHROB), are the well-accepted animal model of human metabolic syndrome. They are characterized by early onset obesity, spontaneous hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria and shortened life-span. One of the factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to compare two parameters related to oxidative stress: the levels of the main intracellular antioxidant, reduced glutathione as well as the indirect indicator of lipid peroxidation damage, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in heart, renal cortex and medulla and liver in male lean spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and obese Koletsky rats. We did not find any significant differences in these markers in heart and kidneys. However, we found significantly lower glutathione level in Koletsky rat liver compared with SHR (5.03+/-0.23 vs. 5.83+/-0.14 µmol/g tissue, respectively). On the contrary, we observed significantly higher TBARS levels in Koletsky rat liver compared with SHR (28.56+/-2.15 vs. 21.83+/-1.60 nmol/mg protein, respectively). We conclude that the liver is the most sensitive tissue to oxidative damage with the significantly decreased concentration of glutathione and the significantly increased concentration of TBARS in obese Koletsky rats in comparison with lean control SHR.

• MeSH
• glutathion * metabolismus   MeSH
• hypertenze metabolismus   MeSH
• játra * metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• ledviny metabolismus   MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita * metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres * fyziologie   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů * MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glutathion * MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH

Aim: To find a practical biomonitoring method for researchers exposed to nanoparticles causing oxidative stress. Methods: In a continuation of a study in 2016-2018, biological samples (plasma, urine and exhaled breath condensate [EBC]) were collected in 2019-2020 from 43 researchers (13.8 ± 3.0 years of exposure) and 45 controls. Antioxidant status was assessed using glutathione (GSH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power, while oxidative stress was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, all using spectrophotometric methods. Researchers' personal nanoparticle exposure was monitored. Results: Plasma GSH was elevated in researchers both before and after exposure (p < 0.01); postexposure plasma GSH correlated with nanoparticle exposure, and GSH in EBC increased. Conclusion: The results suggest adaptation to chronic exposure to nanoparticles, as monitored by plasma and EBC GSH.

What is this study about? Identifying markers of oxidative stress and/or adaptation to oxidation stress could offer tools for monitoring exposure to nanoparticles in exposed researchers. In this study, we question whether these markers correlate with their personal exposure during the shift. What were the results? We found that exposure to nanoparticles correlated with the antioxidant marker glutathione, which is higher in workers who are already pre-exposed. What do the results mean? This study suggests that the researchers have adapted to nanoparticle exposure and are ready to combat oxidative stress. However, the similarity with increased markers of oxidative stress from asbestos and silica exposure, including nucleic acid oxidation, previously found in these researchers highlights the need for further research in this area to better understand and prevent potential future effects.

• Klíčová slova
• adaptation, antioxidant status, inhalation, nanoparticles, occupational, oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• dechové testy metody   MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• nanočástice * MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH

Sex-related cardiovascular differences were observed in humans as well as in experimental animals. Our previous study demonstrated a marked sexual dimorphism in blood pressure (BP) of 9-month-old heterozygous transgenic Ren 2 rats (TGR), in which mouse Ren-2 renin gene was inserted into the genome of normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats (HanSD). We found significantly elevated BP only in male TGR, whereas BP of TGR females was similar to that of HanSD females. The aim of our present study was to compare BP of 3- and 6-month-old heterozygous TGR with age- and sex-matched HanSD under the same conditions as we measured in 9-month-old rats. We also monitored the amount of oxidative stress marker, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and a main intracellular antioxidant, reduced glutathione in the heart, kidneys and liver. We also measured plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. We found an increased mean arterial pressure in both female and male 3-month-old TGR (172±17 vs. 187±4 mm Hg, respectively) compared to HanSD (115±5 vs. 133±3 mm Hg, respectively) but there was a marked sexual dimorphism of 6 month-old TGR where only males were hypertensive (145±5 mm Hg) while females became normotensive (123±7 mm Hg). We did not find any relationship between BP values and concentrations of TBARS or glutathione or plasma lipid levels. Our results demonstrated that 6-month-old TGR exhibited a marked sexual BP dimorphism, which was not dependent on the abnormalities in oxidative stress or cholesterol metabolism.

• MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• hypertenze * MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• ledviny MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• potkani transgenní MeSH
• renin * genetika   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• volné radikály MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• renin * MeSH
• volné radikály MeSH

Using cryopreservation techniques can increase the effectiveness of reproducing cultured fish species by ensuring a dependable supply of sperm, although the quality of the sperm could be impacted by the procedures involved. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of purified seminal plasma transferrin (Tf), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and antifreeze protein (AFP) types I and III at 1 µg mL-1 on relevant characteristics of cryopreserved sperm from common carp Cyprinus carpio. We compared oxidative stress indices, antioxidant activity, and DNA fragmentation of fresh sperm to that frozen with extender only or with Tf, BSA, or AFP types I and III. Fresh sperm had significantly lower levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to samples that underwent cryopreservation without protein treatment, which resulted in 0.54 ± 0.06 nmol/108 cells of TBARS. Carbonyl derivatives of proteins (CP) decreased significantly (ANOVA; P > 0.05) in carp sperm with addition of Tf, AFPI, and AFPIII. Significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were seen in sperm supplemented with Tf, BSA, AFPI, and AFPIII from those without. Significantly less DNA damage, expressed as percent tail DNA (11.56 ± 1.34) and olive tail moment (0.59 ± 0.13), was recorded in samples cryopreserved with Tf. The findings indicated that addition of Tf, BSA, AFPI, or AFPIII to cryopreservation medium is beneficial to sperm preservation. The mechanisms through which these proteins act positively on sperm need to be further investigated.

• Klíčová slova
• Cyprinidae, Freeze/thaw, Proteins, Reactive oxygen species, Sperm DNA fragmentation,
• MeSH
• alfa-fetoproteiny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fragmentace DNA MeSH
• kapři * MeSH
• kryoprezervace veterinární   metody   MeSH
• kryoprotektivní látky MeSH
• kryoprotektivní proteiny MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• motilita spermií MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• sperma MeSH
• spermie MeSH
• uchování spermatu * veterinární   metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alfa-fetoproteiny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• kryoprotektivní látky MeSH
• kryoprotektivní proteiny MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH

UV filters are able to enter the aquatic environment and negatively affect non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate subchronic exposure to ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) in rainbow trout. The tested EHMC concentrations of 6.9 (low), 96.0 (medium) and 395.6 μg/kg (high) were used. The lowest concentration was based on environmentally relevant concentrations. The higher concentrations were chosen as a multiple of the lowest one to determine the dose-response relationship. EHMC was incorporated into feed pellets. The experiment was conducted for six weeks in a semi-static system. Haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress indices were determined at the end of the experiment and supplemented by histological examination. Significant changes were proven at medium and high concentrations of EHMC. Specifically, increases of glucose, lactate and decrease of albumin and total protein in plasma indicate a stress ethology. Moreover, a decrease of plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerols and ammonia were observed even in the experimental group exposed to the lowest concentration of EHMC, perceived as an environmentally relevant concentration. The ferric reducing ability of plasma was decreased in all tested concentrations. Exposure to the highest concentration of EHMC resulted in a decrease in leukocyte counts. Increased activity of glutathione peroxidase in liver was recorded for the medium and the highest concentration of EHMC. The level of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in kidney was elevated for the highest concentration. Decrease of the activity of glutathione-S-transferase in gills for medium concentration of EHMC was registered. Histopathological examination revealed massive destruction of hepatic parenchyma at the highest concentration of EHMC. All these results support the finding of a stress load on the fish organism. In summary, although subchronic exposure to EHMC had no effect on behaviour, mortality or feed intake, this exposure resulted in the alteration of saccharide, lipid and protein metabolism and weakened antioxidant capacity.

• Klíčová slova
• Aquatic ecosystem, EHMC, Fish, Haematological and biochemical indices, Histopathology, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita   MeSH
• cinnamáty toxicita   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss * MeSH
• žábry MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• cinnamáty MeSH
• ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate MeSH Prohlížeč
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributors of cardiovascular diseases. Malignant hypertension is a relatively rare but extremely severe form of hypertension accompanied with heart, brain, and renal impairment. Resveratrol, a recently described grape-derived, polyphenolic antioxidant molecule, has been proposed as an effective agent in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to examine chronic resveratrol administration on blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with special emphasis on cardiac structure and function in two models of experimental hypertension. The experiments were performed in spontaneously (SHRs) and malignantly hypertensive rats (MHRs). The chronic administration of resveratrol significantly decreased blood pressure in both spontaneously and malignant hypertensive animals. The resveratrol treatment ameliorated morphological changes in the heart tissue. The immunohistochemistry of the heart tissue after resveratrol treatment showed that both TGF-β and Bax were not present in the myocytes of SHRs and were present mainly in the myocytes of MHRs. Resveratrol suppressed lipid peroxidation and significantly improved oxidative status and release of NO. These results suggest that resveratrol prevents hypertrophic and apoptotic consequences induced by high blood pressure with more pronounced effects in malignant hypertension.

• Klíčová slova
• heart, resveratrol, spontaneously and malignant hypertension,
• MeSH
• antiflogistika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antioxidancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• apoptóza * účinky léků   MeSH
• hemodynamika účinky léků   MeSH
• hypertenze maligní farmakoterapie   enzymologie   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kardiotonika farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• myokard patologie   MeSH
• NG-nitroargininmethylester chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• protein X asociovaný s bcl-2 metabolismus   MeSH
• resveratrol chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• srdeční komory účinky léků   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost účinky léků   MeSH
• velikost orgánu účinky léků   MeSH
• zánět komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiflogistika MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• kardiotonika MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• NG-nitroargininmethylester MeSH
• protein X asociovaný s bcl-2 MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH

Cross-talk between exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and endogenous phytohormone pathways affects the antioxidant defense system and its response to salt stress. The study presented here investigated the effects of SA treatment before and during salt stress on the levels of endogenous plant growth regulators in three barley cultivars with different salinity tolerances: Hordeum vulgare L. cvs. Akhisar (sensitive), Erginel (moderate), and Kalaycı (tolerant). The cultivars' relative leaf water contents, growth parameters, proline contents, chlorophyll a/b ratios, and lipid peroxidation levels were measured, along with the activities of enzymes involved in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide-dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate-peroxidase, and glutathione-reductase. In addition, levels of several endogenous phytohormones (indole-3-acetic-acid, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene) were measured. Barley is known to be more salt tolerant than related plant species. Accordingly, none of the studied cultivars exhibited changes in membrane lipid peroxidation under salt stress. However, they responded differently to salt-stress with respect to their accumulation of phytohormones and antioxidant enzyme activity. The strongest and weakest increases in ABA and proline accumulation were observed in Kalaycı and Akhisar, respectively, suggesting that salt-stress was more effectively managed in Kalaycı. The effects of exogenous SA treatment depended on both the timing of the treatment and the cultivar to which it was applied. In general, however, where SA helped mitigate salt stress, it appeared to do so by increasing ROS scavenging capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. SA treatment also induced changes in phytohormone levels, presumably as a consequence of SA-phytohormone salt-stress cross-talk.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chlorofyl a metabolismus   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• ječmen (rod) účinky léků   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• kyselina salicylová farmakologie   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• listy rostlin účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• prolin metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin farmakologie   MeSH
• solný stres účinky léků   MeSH
• voda MeSH
• výhonky rostlin účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• chlorofyl MeSH
• chlorophyll b MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyselina salicylová MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• prolin MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
• voda MeSH

Influence of in vitro temperature on sperm antioxidant enzyme activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content and motility parameters was evaluated in sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Sperm activation was conducted at 4, 14 and 24 °C in both species. Duration of motility was significantly longer at 4 °C than at 14 and 24 °C in both species. At 60 s post-activation, the velocity of sterlet spermatozoa was highest at 24 °C. This trend continued to 420 s post-activation. In rainbow trout, at 10 s post-activation, the highest velocity was observed at 14 °C. Significantly higher catalase activity was seen at 4 °C in both species. No significant difference in spermatozoon superoxide dismutase activity among temperatures was observed. In sterlet, TBARS content was significantly higher at 24 °C compared to other temperatures, but, in rainbow trout, it was highest at 4 °C. The results presume species-specific level of antioxidant enzyme activity and TBARS content at studied temperatures.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant enzyme, Fish, Sperm function, Temperature,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• motilita spermií * MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss fyziologie   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů MeSH
• ryby fyziologie   MeSH
• spermie enzymologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• teplota * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a newly identified natural polyhydroxy acid that is widely used in the food industry. In this study, the antibacterial effects and underlying mechanism of action of LBA against Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. LBA exhibited significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The Growth curves indicated that LBA directly inhibited the growth of S. aureus. Moreover, LBA induced the leakage of alkaline phosphatase and nucleotides in the culture medium, indicating damage to the integrity of the S. aureus cell wall membrane, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy observations. The relative electric conductivity measurements indicated that LBA changed the cell membrane permeability. The preservation effect of LBA was evaluated by quantifying the total number of colonies, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Overall, these results revealed that LBA exerts its antibacterial activity by breaking down the structure of the bacterial cell wall and membrane, thereby releasing the cellular contents as well as inhibiting protein synthesis, which ultimately lead to cell death. The total number of colonies, the TVB-N value, and the TBARS of cold fresh meat treated with preservatives were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). With these antibacterial characteristics, LBA has potential to be used as a safe food additive in the food industry.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčná membrána účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčná stěna účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• disacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• dusík analýza   MeSH
• konzervace potravin MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• permeabilita buněčné membrány účinky léků   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• disacharidy MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• lactobionic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH