The authors performed a toxicity test with ciprofloxacin in fertilized eggs of common carp according to guideline 210 of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The tested concentrations were 1 μg L(-1) , 100 μg L(-1) , 500 μg L(-1) , 1000 μg L(-1) , and 3000 μg L(-1) . Accelerated hatching was found in all groups exposed to ciprofloxacin, but significant growth reduction was found only in the group exposed to the highest concentration (3000 μg L(-1) ). Increased numbers of macroscopic morphological anomalies were observed on day 6 of the test (after hatching). The highest numbers of macroscopic morphological anomalies were observed in the groups of free embryos and larvae exposed to ciprofloxacin concentrations of 100 μg L(-1) , 500 μg L(-1) , 1000 μg L(-1) , and 3000 μg L(-1) (20-23% of tested samples). A gradual decrease in glutathione S-transferase activity was detected in all experimental groups exposed to ciprofloxacin, but significant differences (p < 0.01) were found only in groups treated with 500 μg L(-1) and 3000 μg L(-1) . Glutathione peroxidase and catalase exhibited increased activity in most of the tested concentrations (p < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively), whereas decreased glutathione reductase activity was found in the groups exposed to ciprofloxacin concentrations of 500 μg L(-1) and 3000 μg L(-1) (p < 0.05). The concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in all experimental groups exposed to ciprofloxacin. The lowest-observed-effect concentration of ciprofloxacin was 1 μg L(-1) . These results suggest that hatching, early ontogeny, occurrence of morphological anomalies, antioxidant and biotransformation enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation in fish can be affected by ciprofloxacin. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1733-1740. © 2015 SETAC.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant enzymes, Detoxifying enzymes, Embryo-larval toxicity test, Fluoroquinolones, Lipid peroxidation,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin toxicita   MeSH
• embryo nesavčí abnormality   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa metabolismus   MeSH
• kapři embryologie   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• larva MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of subchronic exposure to sublethal levels of diclofenac on growth, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes in Danio rerio. The juvenile growth tests were performed on Danio rerio according to OECD method number 215. Fish at the age of 20 days were exposed to the diclofenac environmental concentration commonly detected in the Czech rivers (0.02 mg L(-1)) and the range of sublethal concentrations of diclofenac (5, 15, 30, and 60 mg L(-1)) for 28 days. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the fish growth caused by diclofenac was observed in the concentrations of 30 and 60 mg L(-1). The identified value of LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) was 15 mg L(-1) of diclofenac and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) value was 5 mg L(-1) of diclofenac. We did not find histopathological changes and changes of selected parameters of oxidative stress (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase) in tested fish. The environmental concentration of diclofenac in Czech rivers did not have any effect on growth, selected oxidative stress parameters (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase), or histopathological changes in Danio rerio but it could have an influence on lipid peroxidation.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• diklofenak toxicita   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• velikost těla účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• diklofenak MeSH

Atrazine is one of the most used pesticides all over the world and it is frequently detected in surface water. The aim of this study was to investigate if zebrafish exposure to atrazine could induce oxidative stress and changes in detoxifying system. Juvenile fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.3, 3, 30, or 90 μg L(-1) for 28 days. The level of oxidized lipids increased in experimental groups exposed to atrazine at 30 and 90 μg L(-1) compared to control. Activity of glutathione S-transferase decreased in group with the highest concentration compared to control. A significant decline was observed in catalase activity in all experimental groups compared to control. Activity of superoxide dismutase increased only in experimental group exposed to atrazine at 30 μg L(-1) compared to control. Activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase (GR) increased in experimental groups exposed to atrazine at 0.3 (only for GR activity) and 90 μg L(-1) compared to control. Our results showed that atrazine exposure had profound influence on the oxidative stress markers and detoxifying enzyme of the exposed zebrafish. The changes in antioxidant enzyme activities could be an adaptive response to protect the fish from the atrazine-induced toxicity.

• Klíčová slova
• CAT, Catalase, Fish, GPx, GR, GST, Glutathione dependent enzymes, Lipid peroxidation, NBT, ROS, SEM, SOD, Superoxide dismutase, TBARS, Triazine pesticides, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, nitroblue tetrazolium, r, reactive oxygen species, specific growth rate, standard error of mean, superoxide dismutase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,
• MeSH
• atrazin toxicita   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolická inaktivace MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• testy subchronické toxicity MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• atrazin MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

Diclofenac residues have been found in surface water, and thus could present a potential risk to aquatic species. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diclofenac on the mortality, growth, and development of fish, as well as the impact of the drug on histological changes and selected parameters of oxidative stress in the fish. Subchronic toxic effects of diclofenac at concentrations of 0.015, 0.03, 1, and 3mg/L on embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during a 30-day toxicity test under experimental conditions. Exposure to diclofenac at 3mg/L was associated with increased mortality, increased activity of glutathione S-transferase, and decreased activity of glutathione reductase. Decreases in the levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances were associated with concentrations ≥ 0.03 mg/L. Based on these results a no observed effect concentration (NOEC)=0.015 mg/L and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC)=0.03 mg/L were generated.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní toxicita   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• dávka bez pozorovaného nepříznivého účinku MeSH
• diklofenak toxicita   MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa metabolismus   MeSH
• játra anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• kapři * embryologie   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• kůže anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost účinky léků   MeSH
• žábry anatomie a histologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiflogistika nesteroidní MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• diklofenak MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure of juvenile development stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to acetylsalicylic acid using selected oxidative stress biomarkers. DESIGN: Toxicity test with acetylsalicylic acid was performed according to the OECD Guideline No. 215, fish D. rerio aged 30 days were used. The tested concentrations were 0.004, 0.4, 40, 120 and 250 mg.L-1, duration of the test was 28 days. Products of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were determined as the markers of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Significantly increased glutathione S-transferase activity was found in fish exposed to acetylsalicylic acid concentrations 40, 120 and 250 mg.L-1. The highest values of glutathione reductase activity were found in the groups exposed to acetylsalicylic acid concentrations 0.4, 40 and 120 mg.L-1. In the group exposed to acetylsalicylic acid concentrations 40 mg.L-1, catalase activity was significantly higher compared to the control group. Significantly higher glutathione peroxidase activity was found in the groups exposed to acetylsalicylic acid concentrations 0.004 and 120 mg.L-1. The concentrations of TBARS were lower in fish exposed to acetylsalicylic acid at all tested concentrations compared to control. CONCLUSION: The subchronic exposure of zebrafish to acetylsalicylic acid causes an increase in activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes and a decrease in lipid peroxidation.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• Aspirin toxicita   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• dánio pruhované MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa metabolismus   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• ryby metabolismus   MeSH
• testy subchronické toxicity MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• Aspirin MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Atrazine and its chloro-s-triazine metabolites are found in surface water and groundwater of the Czech Republic, although their use has been banned since 2005. The objective of the study was to determine the toxic effects of atrazine at an environmentally relevant concentration of atrazine, 0.3 μg.L-1 and at concentrations of 30, 100, and 300 μg.L-1 on morphometric and condition characteristics, development of early life stages, and antioxidant defense enzymes of common carp. METHODS: The embryo-larval toxicity test was performed according to the OECD Guidelines 210 (Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test). RESULTS: Atrazine exposure showed no effect on morphometric and condition characteristics or histology. Exposure at 0.3 μg.L-1 was associated with significantly increased activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase compared to control. Activity of glutathione reductase was slightly higher at a concentration of 0.3 μg.L-1, with significantly lower (p<0.05) activity observed in groups exposed to 30, 100, and 300 μg.L-1 compared to the group exposed to 0.3 μg.L-1. The level of oxidized lipids was slightly higher in groups exposed to atrazine at 100 and 300 μg.L-1 compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Atrazine has a significant influence on the biotransformation enzyme and oxidative defense enzymes of early life stages of common carp. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was 0.3 μg.L-1.

• MeSH
• atrazin toxicita   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa metabolismus   MeSH
• herbicidy toxicita   MeSH
• kapři růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   MeSH
• stadia vývoje účinky léků   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• atrazin MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• glutathionperoxidasa MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa MeSH
• herbicidy MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This work assessed the subchronic effects of the triazine compounds terbuthylazine and metribuzin on embryo-larval stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using biotransformation enzyme and selected oxidative stress parameters. DESIGN: Early developmental stages of fish, from embryo to larvae, were exposed to terbuthylazine at concentrations of 0.9, 160, 520, and 820 μg/L, and metribuzin at concentrations of 0.9, 4, 14, and 32 mg/L for 30 days and compared to the non-treated control group. For assessment of free radical defence the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured; the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) level was determined as a marker of free radical damage. RESULTS: Terbuthylazine had no significant effect (p>0.05) at any tested concentrations on GST activity. Terbuthylazine caused an increase (p<0.05) in GR activity at the concentration of 520 μg/L. We found a non-significant (p>0.05) effect of terbuthylazine exposure on TBARS level. In metribuzin treated groups, the activity of GST was increased (p<0.05) in all experimental groups, with the highest at the concentration of 32 mg/L. GR activity was increased in the 0.9, 4, and 14 mg/L groups and the TBARS levels were the highest in the 0.9 mg/L group. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that terbuthylazine and metribuzin induced oxidative stress in embryo-larval stages of common carp. Increased activities of biotransformation enzymes or antioxidant defence enzymes were markers of free radical attack. There was low lipid peroxidation in early developed fish after triazine exposure.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• embryo nesavčí účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• fenoly metabolismus   MeSH
• herbicidy toxicita   MeSH
• kapři embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty metabolismus   MeSH
• testy chronické toxicity MeSH
• triaziny toxicita   MeSH
• volné radikály metabolismus   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidant biofactor AOB MeSH Prohlížeč
• biologické markery MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• herbicidy MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• metribuzin MeSH Prohlížeč
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• terbutylazine MeSH Prohlížeč
• triaziny MeSH
• volné radikály MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Terbuthylazine belongs to the group of symmetrical triazine herbicides used extensively in agriculture and non-agricultural sites, primarily to control broadleaf and some grassy weeds that have become ubiquitous contaminants of the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of terbuthylazine in surface waters on fish under experimental conditions. The effects of subchronic exposure to terbuthylazine on fish growth and the development of histopathological changes in selected organs (gill, kidney, liver), and on the activity of some biochemical parameters - glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and on the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in Danio rerio were investigated during a 28 day toxicity test. METHODS: Juvenile growth tests were performed on Danio rerio according to OECD guideline No. 215. Fish at the age of 30 days were exposed for 28 days to a range of sublethal concentrations of terbuthylazine (0.55 - environmental concentration, 150, 400, 700 and 1000 μg/L). RESULTS: There were no significant differences (p<0.05) between the specific growth rates (r) of the test groups and control group. Histopathological examination revealed pathological changes only in the liver in fish exposed to terbuthylazine at concentrations of 700 and 1000 μg/L. Significant differences (p<0.05) in activities of biochemical markers were found in GST (400, 700 and 1000 μg/L), GR (700 and 1000 μg/L), significant differences (p<0.05) of TBARS concentration were found at 1000 μg/L. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of growth rate, the histopathological examination of selected organs, and the results of biochemical parameters, it was found that the environmental concentration of terbuthylazine did not have any effects on juvenile D. rerio. The values of NOEC and LOEC for terbuthylazine for juvenile D. rerio were 150 μg/L and 400 μg/L.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované růst a vývoj   MeSH
• hepatocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• herbicidy farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lékové postižení jater metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• testy chronické toxicity MeSH
• triaziny farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• žábry účinky léků   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• herbicidy MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• terbutylazine MeSH Prohlížeč
• triaziny MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 96 hour exposure to selected solvents on the embryonic stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). We investigated mortality and various types of changes which appeared (oedema, tail and eye defects, weak pigmentation, and deformation of the body). Based on the results, values of NOEC and LOEC for embryos of D. rerio were determined. METHODS: Embryonal toxicity tests were conducted according to OECD guideline 212. Ethanol and methanol were tested at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2%; acetone at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.25, 1.5%; and dimethylsulfoxide at concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3%. RESULTS: The LOEC values of ethanol and methanol were detected in the 1% concentration. Statistically significant changes (oedema) were reported in 1% ethanol, and oedema, weak pigmentation and deformation of the body were observed in 1% methanol. After exposure to acetone, the most common occurrence of oedema was in the 0.5% concentration (LOEC = 0.5%). The solvent dimethylsulfoxide caused oedema and body deformation at the 2% concentration (LOEC = 2%). CONCLUSIONS: The NOEC concentrations of the individual solvents were as follows: ethanol and methanol, 0.5%; acetone, 0.1%; and dimethylsulfoxide, 1.5%. These concentrations of individual solvents were higher than the maximum recommended concentration for toxicity tests on fish. For this reason, it can be assumed that the concentration of solvent allowed by the norm does not affect the procedure or results of such tests.

• MeSH
• abnormality očí chemicky indukované   MeSH
• aceton toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované embryologie   MeSH
• dimethylsulfoxid toxicita   MeSH
• edém chemicky indukované   MeSH
• embryo nesavčí účinky léků   MeSH
• ethanol toxicita   MeSH
• methanol toxicita   MeSH
• mnohočetné abnormality chemicky indukované   MeSH
• pigmentace kůže účinky léků   MeSH
• rozpouštědla toxicita   MeSH
• testy toxicity MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aceton MeSH
• dimethylsulfoxid MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• methanol MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the acute toxicity of acetylsalicylic acid to embryonic and juvenile stages of aquarium fish - zebrafish (Danio rerio), oxidative stress parameters and detoxifying enzyme. METHODS: Tests were performed according to OECD No. 203 (Fish, acute toxicity test) and OECD No. 212 (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages) methodology. RESULTS: The results showed the mean acetylsalicylic acid LC50 value to be 567.7 mg/L in juvenile zebrafish. The acute toxicity of acetylsalicylic acid for zebrafish embryos was 274.6 mg/L. Statistically significantly higher activity of GST was found in concentrations 340, 380 and 420 mg/L of acetylsalicylic acid. TBARS, GPx and GST didn't show statistically significant activity in tested concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed a statistically significantly higher degree of sensitivity in the embryonic stages of zebrafish compared to its juveniles. Acetylsalicylic acid did not cause statistically significantly higher antioxidative defence in zebrafish.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní toxicita   MeSH
• Aspirin toxicita   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované embryologie   MeSH
• embryo nesavčí účinky léků   MeSH
• kvalita vody MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• metabolická inaktivace fyziologie   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• testy akutní toxicity MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiflogistika nesteroidní MeSH
• Aspirin MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH