A new extraction technique based on the off-line combination of pressurized-liquid with solid-phase extraction (PLE-SPE) is described. The method was used for the extraction of bioactive phenolic acids (protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, salicylic acid), cinnamic acid and hydroxybenzaldehydes (p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin) from in vitro culture of two freshwater algae (Anabaena doliolum and Spongiochloris spongiosa) and from food products of marine macroalgae Porphyra tenera (nori) and Undaria pinnatifida (wakame). For the identification and quantification of the compounds the molecular ions [M-H](-) and specific fragments were analyzed by quadrupole mass spectrometry analyzer connected on-line with a reversed-phase HPLC system. Our analysis showed that the freshwater algae and marine algal products contained submicrogram or microgram level of above-mentioned phenols per gram of lyophilized sample. In addition, the total phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu assay) and antioxidant activity (TEAC assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay) of the PLE-SPE extracts were determined and discussed.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   chemie   MeSH
• biologie sladkých vod metody   MeSH
• cinnamáty analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Eukaryota chemie   MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi metody   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   chemie   MeSH
• kyselina benzoová analýza   chemie   MeSH
• mořská voda chemie   MeSH
• on-line systémy * MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cinnamáty MeSH
• cinnamic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• fenoly MeSH
• kyselina benzoová MeSH

Three methods, FCM (with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), PBM (Price and Butler) and AAPM (with 4-aminoantipyrine) for assessment of phenolic compounds and three commonly used methods, TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), DPPH (with diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl radical), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) for evaluation of antioxidant capacity, were modified to a semimicroscale (total volume 1ml) with minimum consumption (to 100mul) of a sample and thereby applicable for fast screening. Appropriate standards and extracts of 17 kinds of fruit and six kinds of cereal were assessed for total content of phenolic compounds and total antioxidant capacity by each of these methods. The results of analyses of commonly used standards (gallic, caffeic and ferulic acids, (+)-catechin, Trolox, fenol and FeSO(4)) for these methods and identical plant extract showed different reactivity of principal reagent of the methods with individual standards and therefore with phenolic substances of extracts as well. However, the trends of the measured values of extracts could be compared, though their absolute values differ proportionally. At assessments of phenolic compounds it is important to determine content of ascorbic acid at roughly the same time and correct the obtained values according to its contribution to the increase in absorbance calculated on the basis of absorbance equations, especially for samples with a higher content. The same is true for reducing saccharides; they can significantly "elevate" values of contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities (by even more than 50%), especially in samples of sweeter fruits. The saccharides should therefore be removed or a correction applied reflecting their concentration.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The occurrence of breast cancer in patients with gross cystic disease is 2-5 times higher as compared to control group of women. During 3 years, 183 cyst fluid samples were analyzed in 129 females, in 30 patients of them the samples were analysed repeatedly. The distribution of the Na+/K+ ratio, considered as the measure of cancer risk, was found to be bimodal. In repeated analyses the type I cyst fluid markedly predominated (Na+/K+ < or = 4.0). A direct dependence on this ratio was found in the concentration of glucose, albumin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and its specific form, TPS; an indirect dependence was found for the level of uric acid, phosphates, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alpha-amylase (AMS). The predominance of apocrine metaplasia cells released into the cyst fluid is characteristic of type I cysts. A definitive assessment of significance of these parameters will be enabled by a long-term follow-up of the disease in the respective patients.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• draslík analýza   MeSH
• exsudáty a transsudáty chemie   MeSH
• fibrocystická nemoc prsu komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• fotometrie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   MeSH
• nádory prsu etiologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sodík analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• draslík MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• sodík MeSH

A mathematical model of prediction of progression was tested in patients with breast cancer employing long-term monitoring of tumor markers CEA, CA 15-3, MCA and TPA, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (FW), and the enzymes gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in serum. At the same time, specificity, sensitivity, lead time and positive predictive value were evaluated along with false positivity for all these parameters and their combinations. A model was proposed for the follow-up of patients with breast cancer after the completion of basic therapy.

• MeSH
• antigeny sacharidové asociované s nádorem analýza   MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matematika MeSH
• metastázy nádorů diagnóza   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnóza   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny sacharidové asociované s nádorem MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH

The concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-lactalbumin in tumor tissue cytosol were analyzed in a group of 19 tumors of cystosarcoma phyllodes type. Both antigens were also localized in the tissue of identical tumors by means of immunohistochemical procedure. The cytosol levels of both proteins were found to be higher in the histologically defined malignant type of phylloid tumors. This group was also characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of both antigens. We did not manage to prove any relationship between the presence of alpha-lactalbumin and the steroid hormone receptor positivity in tumor tissue.

• MeSH
• cystosarcoma phyllodes chemie   patologie   MeSH
• cytosol chemie   MeSH
• fibrocystická nemoc prsu chemie   MeSH
• imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
• intraduktální neinfiltrující karcinom chemie   MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen analýza   MeSH
• laktalbumin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové proteiny analýza   MeSH
• nádory prsu chemie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• karcinoembryonální antigen MeSH
• laktalbumin MeSH
• nádorové proteiny MeSH

The quantitative biochemical analysis of tissue specimens from 76 human breast carcinomas consisted of examination for cytosolic estrogen receptors (cER), nuclear estrogen receptors (nER), progesterone receptors (PgR), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol receptors (DR), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-lactalbumin (aLA), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gGT). The highest incidence was found in CEA (76%), DR (70%), and aLA (62%). There was a high percentage of tumors containing only DR, in contrast to the tumors containing only cER or PgR. The simultaneous occurrence of DR and CEA was considerably high (61%). No statistically significant differences were observed in these biochemical parameters in relation to the grade of differentiation of the tumors. The values of aLA in tumors that invaded lymphatic or blood vessels were lower as compared to those tumors that invaded adipose or connective tissues. The level of statistical significance of this difference was close to 5%, the differences in other parameters were statistically insignificant. For prognosis assessed at the time of surgery, after a 2-3-year follow-up of 36 patients the level of gGT in the tumor seems to be the most promising prognostic factor. The values of gGT were significantly lower in those patients whose tumors were in progression during this time. The significance of nER and aLA was also taken into consideration.

• MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa analýza   MeSH
• kalcitriol analýza   MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen analýza   MeSH
• laktalbumin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu analýza   patologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• receptory kalcitriolu MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny analýza   MeSH
• receptory progesteronu analýza   MeSH
• steroidní receptory analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• gama-glutamyltransferasa MeSH
• kalcitriol MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen MeSH
• laktalbumin MeSH
• receptory kalcitriolu MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny MeSH
• receptory progesteronu MeSH
• steroidní receptory MeSH

In 116 breast cancer patients, the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined before operation in the serum using RIA, and after operation in sections of breast tumor tissue using the immunohistological PAP technique. CEA circulating in the serum was found in 49 patients (42%). Elevated values (over 10 micrograms/l) were found in only 12 patients (10%). In histological specimens CEA positivity was found in 94 tumors (81%), however, in a majority of them the number of positive cells per section was low (1-10%). A comparison of positive and negative findings both in the serum and in the tumor specimens of individual patients showed that both serum and tumor sections were CEA positive in 40 patients (35%) and both localizations were CEA negative in 13 patients (12%). Although most patients had positive histological sections but negative sera (46%). Only 7% of patients had negative sections and positive sera. In 41 patients CEA could be examined both qualitatively (immunohistologically), and quantitatively in the cytosol of the same homogenized tumor. Of them, 30 patients (72%) had in the cytosol a CEA concentration exceeding 5 micrograms/g proteins, in 11 of the 41 patients (28%) no CEA was found. Immunohistological examination of CEA in this group gave positive results in 35 out of the 41 patients (85%), and only 6 tumors (15%) were completely negative. CEA was shown to be present in each histological type of the tumors studied, invasive ductal tumors being slightly more frequent and more positive than the lobular ones. No relation was observed to the structure of the tumors, nor to the degree of their differentiation. Thus, the examination of CEA levels can hardly contribute to the improvement of histological classification.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom krev   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• cytosol analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• karcinoembryonální antigen analýza   krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu krev   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• karcinoembryonální antigen MeSH