Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, known together as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and celiac disease are the most common disorders affecting not only adults but also children. Both IBDs and celiac disease are associated with oxidative stress, which may play a significant role in their etiologies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals (O2•-), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are responsible for cell death via oxidation of DNA, proteins, lipids, and almost any other cellular constituent. To protect biological systems from free radical toxicity, several cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms exist to regulate the production of ROS, including enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. Superoxide dismutase catalyzes the dismutation of O2•- to H2O2 and oxygen. The glutathione redox cycle involves two enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, which uses glutathione to reduce organic peroxides and H2O2; and glutathione reductase, which reduces the oxidized form of glutathione with concomitant oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. In addition to this cycle, GSH can react directly with free radicals. Studies into the effects of free radicals and antioxidant status in patients with IBDs and celiac disease are scarce, especially in pediatric patients. It is therefore very necessary to conduct additional research studies to confirm previous data about ROS status and antioxidant activities in patients with IBDs and celiac disease, especially in children.
- Klíčová slova
- Crohn's disease, antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory bowel diseases, pediatric patients, radicals,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a serious problem increasingly affecting young people worldwide. Cardio-metabolic risk factors include lipid profile parameters and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), as well as basic anthropometric parameters such as the ratio of waist circumference to height (WHtR). The aim of our study was to determine WHtR. METHOD: WHtR was determined in a group of 500 clinically healthy young people aged 18-25 and, on the basis of measured data, a reference range for WHtR was designed. RESULTS: The average WHtR value for the whole group was 0.45±0.06, with 0.46±0.06 for men, and 0.44±0.06 for women. WHtR values in respondents with all other parameters in normal range were from 0.41 to 0.52 for men and from 0.38 to 0.50 for women. Values are similar to those observed in other studies across diverse world populations. A positive correlation was observed between WHtR and atherogenic indices (AP1, AIP) uric acid levels and lipid profile parameters at p<0.001, with the exception of glucose and HDL. WHtR and HDL were negatively correlated at p<0.001. CONCLUSION: As WHtR can be easily determined, it can be used as another cardio-metabolic risk factor.
- Klíčová slova
- atherogenic parameters, cardio-metabolic risk, lipid profile, waist circumference to height ratio, young people,
- MeSH
- antropometrie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obvod pasu * MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- tělesná výška * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
The metabolic form of vitamin A, retinol, has a pivotal role in the nervous system development and neuronal differentiation, both during embryogenesis through maternal-fetal support and in the early postnatal life. Retinoic acid was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight to pregnant female rats through days 8-10 of gestation. Spinal cord sections were processed for histochemical visualization one day after birth and on day 21, when weaning is expected. NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons were found in the dorsal horn, around the central canal, and at the intermediolateral cell column on postnatal days 1 and 21 in both control and experimental groups. There were no NADPHd-positive structures in the ventral horn. The results suggest that prenatal administration of high doses of retinoic acid is not associated with postnatal morphological changes in NADPH-d-positive neurons in the rat spinal cord. Levels of antioxidants and related enzymes in retinoid storage organs were measured to estimate possible side effects. The activities of enzymes detoxifying superoxide radicals and peroxides were supressed after birth. A decrease in the level of reduced glutathione was observed on postnatal day 21, indicating an unbalanced redox environment.
- MeSH
- játra účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mícha účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- NADP metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vitamin A aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- NADP MeSH
- vitamin A MeSH
BACKGROUND: Serious intraabdominal infections belong among life treating diseases. They are based on spreading infections from focal sources of inflammation in abdomen or damaged intestinal wall. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment strategies are surgical intervention, antimicrobial therapy, distributional shock treatment and accurate nutritional support (1). Glutamine and selenium supplementation may improve intestinal functions and restore antioxidant defence (2). Septic shock with multiple organ failure accompanied by serious catabolism and decrease of albumin had developed in a patient after endoscopic polypectomy. Infection source was not discovered by medical imaging examinations non surgical laparotomy. After distributive shock treatment, wide spectral antibiotics and enteral and parenteral nutrition the patients health improved. As adjuvant therapy intravenous supplementation was administered: glutamine in daily dose 2g and sodium selenite in continual infusion in daily dose 750 μg over 6 days. During intensive therapy, inflammatory markers decreased: C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, leukocyte count and neutrophils. Albumin levels increased. CONCLUSIONS: The paper describes therapeutic options during septic shock treatment and reversion possibilities in the catabolic phase of disease.Key words: colonoscopy, septic shock, multiorgan failure, enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition.
