During the process of intra-uterine mammalian fetal development, the oxygen supply in growing fetus is low. A rapid switch from glycolysis-based metabolism to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) must proceed during early postnatal adaptation to extra-uterine conditions. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mammalian mitochondrial F(o)F(1)-ATP synthase assembly (complex V, EC 3.6.3.14, ATPase) are complex processes regulated by multiple transcription regulators and assembly factors. Using RNA expression analysis of rat liver and skeletal tissue (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout, 1769), we describe the expression profiles of 20 genes involved in mitochondrial maturation and ATP synthase biogenesis in detail between the 16th and 22nd day of gestation and the first 4 days of life. We observed that the most important expression shift occurred in the liver between the 20th and 22nd day of gestation, indicating that the fetus prepares for birth about two days before parturition. The detailed mechanism regulating the perinatal adaptation process is not yet known. Deeper insights in perinatal physiological development will help to assess mitochondrial dysfunction in the broader context of cell metabolism in preterm newborns or neonates with poor adaptation to extra-uterine life.
- MeSH
- biogeneze organel MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace * MeSH
- játra embryologie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- novorozená zvířata růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- protonové ATPasy biosyntéza MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- svaly embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vývoj svalů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protonové ATPasy MeSH
Toxicity of prometryne to early life stages of common carp was assessed. On the basis of accumulated mortality in the experimental groups lowest observed-effect concentration (LOEC) was estimated as 1100 µg/l; and no observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was 850 µg/l. Fulton's condition factor was significantly lower than in controls in fish exposed to 4000 µg/l after 7, 14, and 21 days. By day 14, fish exposed to 4000 µg/l prometryne showed significantly lower mass and total length compared to controls. Fish exposed the 1200 and 4000 µg/l showed delay in development, severe hyperaemia in gill, liver, and caudal and cranial kidney. Subchronic prometryne exposure of early-life stages of common carp at concentrations of 1200 and 4000 µg/l affected their survival, growth rate, early ontogeny, and histology.
- Klíčová slova
- Early development, Embryo, Histopathology, Larvae, Triazine,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita MeSH
- játra účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- kapři růst a vývoj MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- pesticidy toxicita MeSH
- prometryn toxicita MeSH
- žábry účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- pesticidy MeSH
- prometryn MeSH
The metabolic form of vitamin A, retinol, has a pivotal role in the nervous system development and neuronal differentiation, both during embryogenesis through maternal-fetal support and in the early postnatal life. Retinoic acid was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight to pregnant female rats through days 8-10 of gestation. Spinal cord sections were processed for histochemical visualization one day after birth and on day 21, when weaning is expected. NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons were found in the dorsal horn, around the central canal, and at the intermediolateral cell column on postnatal days 1 and 21 in both control and experimental groups. There were no NADPHd-positive structures in the ventral horn. The results suggest that prenatal administration of high doses of retinoic acid is not associated with postnatal morphological changes in NADPH-d-positive neurons in the rat spinal cord. Levels of antioxidants and related enzymes in retinoid storage organs were measured to estimate possible side effects. The activities of enzymes detoxifying superoxide radicals and peroxides were supressed after birth. A decrease in the level of reduced glutathione was observed on postnatal day 21, indicating an unbalanced redox environment.
- MeSH
- játra účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mícha účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- NADP metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vitamin A aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- NADP MeSH
- vitamin A MeSH
Mutations of hepcidin (HAMP) and hemo-juvelin (HJV) genes have been recently demonstrated to result in juvenile hemochromatosis. Expression of HAMP is regulated by iron status or infection, whereas regulation of HJV is yet unknown. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we compared expression of Hamp and Rgmc (the murine ortholog of HJV) in livers of mice treated with iron, erythropoietin, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as during fetal and postnatal development. Iron overload increased Hamp expression without effect on Rgmc mRNA. Erythropoietin decreased Hamp mRNA, but Rgmc expression was unchanged. Hamp mRNA level decreased after birth by 4 orders of magnitude, without significant changes in Rgmc expression. Administration of LPS elevated Hamp mRNA levels, while markedly decreasing hepatic Rgmc mRNA levels (to approximately 5% after 6 hours). The responses of Hamp and Rgmc were quite different and suggested that human HJV expression could be modulated by inflammation.
- MeSH
- erythropoetin farmakologie MeSH
- GPI-vázané proteiny MeSH
- hepcidiny MeSH
- homeostáza MeSH
- játra embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- kationické antimikrobiální peptidy genetika MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- myši MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- svalové proteiny genetika MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese účinky léků genetika MeSH
- zánět patofyziologie MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- erythropoetin MeSH
- GPI-vázané proteiny MeSH
- HAMP protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- Hamp protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
- hepcidiny MeSH
- kationické antimikrobiální peptidy MeSH
- messenger RNA MeSH
- Rgmc protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
- svalové proteiny MeSH
- železo MeSH
Immunoglobulin (Ig) response to different polyclonal B-cell activators was measured by ELISA in cell culture media of thymocytes, splenocytes and liver cells isolated from pig fetuses, 8-d-old germ-free piglets and conventionally reared pigs. Both in fetal and in postnatal life polyclonally stimulated lymphocytes were found to produce predominantly the IgM isotype; the first IgM formation was detected in 50-d-old fetal liver (gestation in pigs lasts 114 d). Surprisingly, 73-d-old fetal thymic cells were shown to be induced to Ig synthesis and secretion. In contrast to splenocytes of the same age, which secreted exclusively IgM, fetal thymocytes produced IgM, IgG and IgA. Polyclonally stimulated splenic cells as compared with thymic cells started to produce IgA later in fetal ontogeny, whereas the IgG response was not detectable in splenic cell culture media during the whole embryonal development and appeared only after birth. The earliest and the highest Ig stimulation was found after cultivation of lymphocytes with Nocardia delipidated cell mitogen. Interestingly, the moderate stimulatory effect of 65-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp-65) in polyclonal IgM response of fetal splenocytes was observed. We showed that thymic B lymphocytes represent probably the first maturing B cell population detectable in fetal life, which is able to differentiate after polyclonal stimulation into IgM as well as IgA and IgG producing cells.
- MeSH
- aktivace lymfocytů * MeSH
- B-lymfocyty účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny * MeSH
- chaperon hsp60 MeSH
- chaperoniny imunologie MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- gnotobiologické modely imunologie MeSH
- játra cytologie embryologie růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy imunologie MeSH
- mitogeny líčidla amerického imunologie MeSH
- mitogeny imunologie MeSH
- organické látky MeSH
- orgánové kultury - kultivační techniky MeSH
- plod imunologie MeSH
- prasata embryologie růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- slezina cytologie imunologie MeSH
- thymus cytologie embryologie růst a vývoj imunologie MeSH
- tvorba protilátek * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bakteriální proteiny * MeSH
- chaperon hsp60 MeSH
- chaperoniny MeSH
- heat-shock protein 65, Mycobacterium MeSH Prohlížeč
- lipopolysacharidy MeSH
- mitogeny líčidla amerického MeSH
- mitogeny MeSH
- Nocardia delipidated cell mitogen MeSH Prohlížeč
- organické látky MeSH
The activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and the sialic acid (SA) content were found to be specific in five brain regions of 7- and 50-day-old rats. While a low GGT activity was accompanied by high sialylation in the whole brain a high GGT activity and low sialylation were observed in kidney and pancreas. Similar findings were obtained for some brain regions investigated. However, the developmental differences were not characterized by such relationship. Concanavalin A affinity chromatography of GGT from brain of 7- and 50-day-old rats revealed no remarkable changes in GGT sialylation although the enzyme activity is almost 3 times higher in brain membranes of the older group. It can be concluded that in spite of an apparent relationship between GGT activity and membrane sialylation, the amount of SA linked to the GGT molecule is not related to differences in enzyme activity.
- MeSH
- buněčná membrána chemie enzymologie MeSH
- chromatografie afinitní metody MeSH
- gama-glutamyltransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- játra chemie enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kyseliny sialové analýza metabolismus MeSH
- ledviny chemie enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- membránové proteiny analýza chemie MeSH
- mozek - chemie * MeSH
- mozek enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- pankreas chemie enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- slezina chemie enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- stárnutí fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- gama-glutamyltransferasa MeSH
- kyseliny sialové MeSH
- membránové proteiny MeSH
Using mounting casein and wheat gluten protein values (0-40%) in the animals' diet, the optimum and minimum physiological daily doses were determined in 49-day-old growing rats from changes in their body water, body nitrogen and protein intake. The optimum physiological doses were identical with the peak of linearity of the given parameters, which coincided with a 15% casein protein and a 20% gluten protein concentration in the diet. This was also confirmed by the maximum body amino acid values, which were found in animals given a 15% casein or 20% gluten protein diet. It was further confirmed by the finding of significantly elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the liver of animals with a higher intake of the above protein sources. The minimum physiological dose of the given protein was determined from the equations of the regression curves in the presence of zero changes in the body nitrogen or body water content. The optimum physiological daily doses of casein and wheat gluten protein were 3.25 g and 4.05 g respectively. The minimum physiological daily doses of casein protein were 268 mg (from body nitrogen changes) and 371 mg (from body water changes) and the minimum physiological daily doses of gluten protein were 892 mg (from body nitrogen changes) and 1,000 mg (from body water changes). The above indicators demonstrate, in the presence of higher and high dietary concentrations, that an intake of the given proteins over and above the optimum physiological daily dose is at the very least uneconomical (gluten), if not harmful (casein), making this a highly topical problem for further study.
- MeSH
- alanintransaminasa metabolismus MeSH
- aminokyseliny analýza MeSH
- aspartátaminotransferasy metabolismus MeSH
- dietní proteiny * MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- gluteny * MeSH
- inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
- játra enzymologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- kaseiny * MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- stárnutí MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- tělesná voda analýza MeSH
- trávicí systém růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- alanintransaminasa MeSH
- aminokyseliny MeSH
- aspartátaminotransferasy MeSH
- dietní proteiny * MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- gluteny * MeSH
- kaseiny * MeSH
- MeSH
- játra růst a vývoj MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- regenerace jater * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dieta * MeSH
- dietní proteiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dietní sacharidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- játra růst a vývoj MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dietní proteiny MeSH
- dietní sacharidy MeSH
- dietní tuky MeSH
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- játra analýza růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mozek - chemie MeSH
- mozek růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- omezení příjmu potravy * MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- žízeň MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- proteiny MeSH
