The northern pike, Esox lucius, is one of the largest temperate freshwater apex predators with a characteristic morphology: an elongated body with pelvic, dorsal, and anal fins located at the rear as a functional feature to sprint predation. However, the typical pike character is its head, which is characterized by a long, flattened snout, a well-armed mouth with numerous teeth, and large eyes characteristic of shallow water visual predators. Although the northern pike is becoming increasingly popular as a model system for ecology and evolutionary research, a detailed staging table has not yet been reported. In this study, we report the first comprehensive staging table for the northern pike, spanning from the one-cell stage to the freely-swimming juvenile stage. In addition to classical embryological descriptions, we use a DAPI staining to distinguish individual cells and embryonic structures during the early development. This dataset, in combination with the genomic and transcriptomic resources already available, serves as a foundation for in-depth mechanistic studies dealing with development using this species.

• Klíčová slova
• chondrogenesis, embryology, ray-finned fishes, skeletogenesis, staging,
• MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• blastula cytologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chondrogeneze MeSH
• ekologie a životní prostředí - jevy * MeSH
• embryonální vývoj * MeSH
• Esocidae embryologie   MeSH
• gastrula cytologie   MeSH
• larva cytologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• organogeneze MeSH
• osteogeneze MeSH
• stadium rýhování vajíčka cytologie   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• vaječný žloutek cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The structural differentiation of the Müllerian ducts of both sexes was studied in rat fetuses from 15 to 21 days of gestation. Differences between the male and female Müllerian ducts were observed from the 17th day onward. The epithelium of male Müllerian duct lost its regular arrangement, the increased lysosomal activity and disintegration of some cells was found. The involution of the male duct was accompanied by the condensation of the surrounding mesenchyme with the participation of macrophages. The female Müllerian duct was lined with simple columnar epithelium; its pattern remained indifferent until birth. The apical migration of centrioles and solitary cilia formation belonged to the typical findings from the 18th day. Neither ciliated cells nor multiple centriole replication were observed in oviductal segment of Müllerian duct.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• ductus Mülleri embryologie   MeSH
• gastrula fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus embryologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus embryologie   MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Plasmid pATV8 carrying Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) DNA with one long terminal repeat (LTR) or plasmid pAPrC carrying complete RSV proviral DNA was injected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. The fate of the exogenous DNAs was followed during embryogenesis. In both cases a new form of DNA, comigrating with endogenous DNA, began to appear shortly after the injection. This new form represented a linear dimer of the injected plasmid that had formed by ligation of linear monomers of the plasmid DNAs. All forms of the exogenous pATV8 DNA disappeared gradually during neurulation. No traces of virus-specific RNA were ever found in any of the following stages. The intensity of replication of plasmid pAPrC DNA in fertilized eggs was greater than that of pATV8 DNA and, in contrast to pATV8, a small amount of pAPrC persisted through the neurula till higher stages. In some experiments virus-specific DNA was even observed in 6-day-old embryos. Digestion with Nsi I and Sac I proved integration of the plasmid into the frog genome. At the stage of gastrula and at later stages a weak signal of viral RNA was also detected.

• MeSH
• DNA virů biosyntéza   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• embryo nesavčí cytologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• gastrula ultrastruktura   MeSH
• genetická transkripce MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• mikroinjekce MeSH
• plazmidy MeSH
• proviry genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu II MeSH
• viry ptačího sarkomu genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Xenopus laevis embryologie   genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ATGCAT-specific type II deoxyribonucleases MeSH Prohlížeč
• DNA virů MeSH
• GGTACC-specific type II deoxyribonucleases MeSH Prohlížeč
• restrikční endonukleasy typu II MeSH

Zona-free zygotes, 2-cell, 4-cell, and 8-cell embryos, morulae, blastocysts and embryos exposed to biopsy and reconstruction were cryopreserved in microdrops of vitrification medium expelled directly into liquid nitrogen. While none of the zygotes and 2-cell embryos survived storage in liquid nitrogen, 54% 4-cell and 97% 8-cell embryos, 99% morulae, 88% blastocysts, 98% biopsied and 100% reconstructed embryos were intact one hour after thawing. Developmental potential of cryopreserved zona-free embryos evaluated after 30 h of in vitro culture was high. Of the frozen embryos, 49% 4-cell and 92% 8-cell embryos, 95% morulae, 79% blastocysts, 84% biopsied and 90% reconstructed embryos were capable of further cleavage. After the transfer of zona-free 8-cell embryos, morulae, blastocysts, biopsied and reconstructed embryos into day-1 recipients - 4 (16%), 14 (56%), 3 (12%), 0 and 8 (32%) live foetuses were recorded, respectively.

• MeSH
• embryo savčí * MeSH
• gastrula MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší embryologie   MeSH
• kryoprezervace metody   MeSH
• morula MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zona pellucida MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• zygota MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• gastrula účinky léků   MeSH
• glukosamin analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• morfogeneze účinky léků   MeSH
• tunikamycin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Xenopus laevis embryologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukosamin MeSH
• tunikamycin MeSH

• MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• gastrula účinky léků   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• kolchicin farmakologie   MeSH
• kuřecí embryo cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• mikrotubuly účinky léků   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kuřecí embryo cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kolchicin MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace * MeSH
• centrální nervový systém embryologie   MeSH
• embryonální indukce * MeSH
• gastrula fyziologie   MeSH
• osmóza MeSH
• Triturus embryologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH