BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health burden with an incidence of 1.3 million new cases worldwide and a mortality of almost 8.5%. It is the 2nd most common cancer in women (1st breast carcinoma) and 3rd most common in men (1st lung carcinoma, 2nd prostate carcinoma). CRC alongside breast, lung, prostate and stomach cancer is in the top five most common cancers in men and women worldwide. There are still more than 50% of CRC patients diagnosed with advanced disease (stage III and IV) in the Czech Republic. Genetically, CRC is a very heterogeneous disease with many factors playing key roles in pathogenesis. There are two types of CRC, hereditary with an incidence of between 5% and 10% with APC (FAP, aFAP) or MMR (HNPCC) genes affected, and sporadic colorectal cancer with an incidence of 90-95% with a lot of mutations in variable genes that accumulate during pathogenesis (APC, KRAS, MMR, microRNA, CIMP etc.). Knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of CRC (hereditary, sporadic) is crucial for treatment, assessment of risk, prognosis, and patient follow-up. CONCLUSION: This article summarizes the molecular pathogenesis of sporadic and hereditary CRC.

• Klíčová slova
• colorectal cancer - pathogenesis - hereditary - sporadic - risk factorsThis work was supported by grant of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic No. 15-08239S.The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products or services used in the study.The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 3. 5. 2016Accepted: 2. 6. 2016.,
• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kolorektální nádory epidemiologie   genetika   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• nádorové supresorové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika   MeSH
• oprava chybného párování bází DNA genetika   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• protein familiární adenomatózní polypózy genetika   MeSH
• proteiny Smad genetika   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) genetika   MeSH
• receptor DCC MeSH
• receptory buněčného povrchu genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• APC protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• DCC protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• KRAS protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• mikro RNA MeSH
• nádorové supresorové proteiny MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 MeSH
• protein familiární adenomatózní polypózy MeSH
• proteiny Smad MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) MeSH
• receptor DCC MeSH
• receptory buněčného povrchu MeSH