During mouse postnatal eye development, the embryonic hyaloid vascular network regresses from the vitreous as an adaption for high-acuity vision. This process occurs with precisely controlled timing. Here, we show that opsin 5 (OPN5; also known as neuropsin)-dependent retinal light responses regulate vascular development in the postnatal eye. In Opn5-null mice, hyaloid vessels regress precociously. We demonstrate that 380-nm light stimulation via OPN5 and VGAT (the vesicular GABA/glycine transporter) in retinal ganglion cells enhances the activity of inner retinal DAT (also known as SLC6A3; a dopamine reuptake transporter) and thus suppresses vitreal dopamine. In turn, dopamine acts directly on hyaloid vascular endothelial cells to suppress the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and promote hyaloid vessel regression. With OPN5 loss of function, the vitreous dopamine level is elevated and results in premature hyaloid regression. These investigations identify violet light as a developmental timing cue that, via an OPN5-dopamine pathway, regulates optic axis clearance in preparation for visual function.

• MeSH
• cévní endotel metabolismus   MeSH
• dopamin metabolismus   MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oči krevní zásobení   enzymologie   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• opsiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející dopamin přes plazmatickou membránu antagonisté a inhibitory   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• retinální gangliové buňky metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• sklivec metabolismus   MeSH
• světlo * MeSH
• threonin metabolismus   MeSH
• transportéry VIAAT fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dopamin MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• OPN5 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• opsiny MeSH
• proteiny přenášející dopamin přes plazmatickou membránu MeSH
• Slc6a3 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• threonin MeSH
• transportéry VIAAT MeSH
• Viaat protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) electrophoretic tissue patterns of two different orders of Elasmobranchii: Carchariniformes (Galeus melanostomus and Prionace glauca) and Squaliformes (Etmopterus spinax and Scymnorinus licha) were studied. The number of loci expressed for these enzymes was the same of other elasmobranch species. Differences in tissue distribution were noted in LDH from G. melanostomus due to the presence of an additional heterotetramer in the eye tissue. There were also differences in MDH. In fact, all the tissues of E. spinax and G. melanostomus showed two mitochondrial bands. Major differences were noted in the number of isozymes detected in the four compared elasmobranchs. The highest polymorphism was observed in E. spinax and G. melanostomus, two species that live in changeable environmental conditions. The resistance of isozymes after urea treatment was examined; the resulting patterns showed a quite good resistance of the enzymes, higher for LDH than MDH, also at urea concentration much greater than physiological one. These results indicated that the total isozyme resistance can be considered higher in urea accumulators (such as elasmobranchs) than in the non-accumulators (such as teleosts).

• MeSH
• denaturace proteinů MeSH
• Elasmobranchii metabolismus   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace * MeSH
• izoenzymy metabolismus   MeSH
• játra enzymologie   MeSH
• konformace proteinů MeSH
• L-laktátdehydrogenasa chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• malátdehydrogenasa chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• močovina chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• mozek enzymologie   MeSH
• myokard enzymologie   MeSH
• oči enzymologie   MeSH
• rybí proteiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• izoenzymy MeSH
• L-laktátdehydrogenasa MeSH
• malátdehydrogenasa MeSH
• močovina MeSH
• rybí proteiny MeSH

The purpose of the present study was to test our hypothesis that amiloride, a specific u-PA inhibitor, effectively decreases u-PA activity in cornea as well as in tear fluid and favourably affects corneal healing. Therefore, comparative histochemical and biochemical studies of u-PA and the effects of amiloride were performed on rabbit corneas and tear fluid using the sensitive fluorogenic substrate Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin. Rabbit eyes were repeatedly irradiated with UVB for 9 days and during the irradiation topically treated with amiloride (1 mg/ml saline) or placebo (saline) (dropwise, 5 times daily). Results show that in placebo-treated eyes, UVB evoked the appearance of u-PA activity in cornea and tear fluid in early stages of irradiation, and u-PA levels increased during irradiation. Corneal epithelium was gradually lost and remnants of the epithelium as well as keratocytes in the upper part of corneal stroma showed high u-PA activity. Finally, corneas lost their epithelium completely. In corneal stroma, numerous u-PA-containing inflammatory cells were present. Corneas were vascularized. When amiloride was dropped on the eye surface on the first day of irradiation and subsequently daily until the end of the experiment, u-PA activity in both cornea and tear fluid was strongly inhibited. Corneas were covered with a continuous epithelium until the end of the experiment. The number of inflammatory cells was significantly decreased. Corneal vascularization was reduced by 50%. In conclusion, early application of amiloride inhibited u-PA activity in UVB-irradiated corneas as well as in tear fluid and diminished the development of corneal pathology.

• MeSH
• aktivátor plazminogenu urokinázového typu analýza   antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• amilorid farmakologie   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• oči enzymologie   účinky záření   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• rohovka enzymologie   účinky záření   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• slzy enzymologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aktivátor plazminogenu urokinázového typu MeSH
• amilorid MeSH

Prolonged irradiation of the rabbit eyes with UVB rays (312 nm) caused serious enzymatic disturbances in the cornea and lens and the development of an inflammatory reaction in the whole anterior eye segment, particularly in the cornea. In the corneal stroma many inflammatory cells with high activities of acid glycosidases and lysosomal proteases were present. This was accompanied with significantly elevated plasmin activity in the tear fluid (1.6 IU/ml). Plasmin appeared also in the aqueous humour (0.8 IU/ml). For the treatment of these changes catalase (1 mg/1 ml saline), aprotinin (100 micrograms/1 ml saline) and catalase-aprotinin mixture (1:1) were applied on the eye surface during irradiation. The catalase-aprotinin mixture was most efficient and decreased plasmin activity in the tear fluid and diminished disturbances of the anterior eye segment. Obviously both, active oxygen species and elevated plasmin activity in the tear fluid contribute to the damage of the anterior eye segment and development of intracorneal inflammation after irradiation of the eye with UVB rays.

• MeSH
• aprotinin metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• endopeptidasy metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• glykosidhydrolasy metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• komorová voda enzymologie   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• lyzozomy enzymologie   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• oči enzymologie   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• plasmin metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• rohovka enzymologie   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• slzy enzymologie   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření * MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aprotinin MeSH
• endopeptidasy MeSH
• glykosidhydrolasy MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• plasmin MeSH

The activities of a number of enzymes seen in adults and in animal material were found in the anlage of the developing eye in relatively early stages. Using standardized methods according to Lojda, activities of the following enzymes were proved in cryostat sections of the 9 and 10-week eye: ALP, ACP, ATP, TPP, alpha-GPDH and G6PDH. In 19-week eye moreover, positive reaction for DPP IV, ANE, CHE, ACHE was also detected, while G6PDH activity disappeared. In neither of the age categories SDH activity could be seen.

• MeSH
• embryonální a fetální vývoj * MeSH
• enzymy analýza   MeSH
• epitel enzymologie   MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• histocytochemie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oči embryologie   enzymologie   MeSH
• retina embryologie   enzymologie   MeSH
• rohovka embryologie   enzymologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• enzymy MeSH

Activities of different enzymes (acid glycosidases, phosphatases, Na+ - K+ -dependent ATPase, proteases, dehydrogenases) and acid glycosaminoglycans were studied by histochemical methods in sections of rabbit anterior eye segments after experimental alkali burn and treatment with aprotinin, an inhibitor of plasmin and other serine proteinases. Solutions of sodium hydroxide (0.25-1.0 M) were applied on corneas using 12-mm-diameter plastic tube for 15-60 s. After wiping with cotton and rinsing with tap water aprotinin solutions were applied in saline (in experimental animals) and saline (in control animals) dropwise in 12-h intervals for a month. Within the first two weeks aprotinin was used at a concentration of 5000 IU/ml. During the subsequent two weeks the aprotinin concentration was reduced to 2500 IU/ml. Striking differences in enzyme activities and in the healing between treated and untreated eyes were found. Without aprotinin, ulcers developed in most corneas within 3 weeks and plasmin was regularly demonstrated in tears and in the aqueous. When aprotinin treatment was started within 24 h after the burn, the number of enzymatically active inflammatory cells was significantly lower, not only in the cornea itself but also in the whole anterior eye segment. With aprotinin treatment no ulcerations and no plasmin in tears and the aqueous were observed and the corneas healed within a month. The healing process started from the zone of enzymatically activated corneal cells in the unburned zone at the corneal periphery. In the regenerating epithelium and endothelium high activities of Na+ -K+ -dependent ATPase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate and succinate dehydrogenases appeared very soon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• aprotinin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dipeptidylpeptidasy a tripeptidylpeptidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa metabolismus   MeSH
• glykosidhydrolasy metabolismus   MeSH
• histocytochemie MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• hydroxid sodný MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• kyselá fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• L-laktátdehydrogenasa metabolismus   MeSH
• oči enzymologie   MeSH
• popálení oka chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   enzymologie   MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa metabolismus   MeSH
• sukcinátdehydrogenasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkalická fosfatasa MeSH
• aprotinin MeSH
• dipeptidylpeptidasy a tripeptidylpeptidasy MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa MeSH
• glykosidhydrolasy MeSH
• hydroxid sodný MeSH
• kyselá fosfatasa MeSH
• L-laktátdehydrogenasa MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa MeSH
• sukcinátdehydrogenasa MeSH

• MeSH
• chymotrypsin metabolismus   MeSH
• endopeptidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• glukuronidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• kathepsiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oči enzymologie   MeSH
• pankreatická elastasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chymotrypsin MeSH
• endopeptidasy MeSH
• glukuronidasa MeSH
• kathepsiny MeSH
• pankreatická elastasa MeSH

• MeSH
• acetylcholin metabolismus   MeSH
• cholinesterasy metabolismus   MeSH
• komorová voda enzymologie   MeSH
• konjunktiva enzymologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oči enzymologie   MeSH
• okulomotorické svaly enzymologie   MeSH
• retina enzymologie   MeSH
• rohovka enzymologie   MeSH
• skléra enzymologie   MeSH
• uvea enzymologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylcholin MeSH
• cholinesterasy MeSH