OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the questionnaire survey conducted by the National Institute of Public Health in Prague was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes and to identify changes since the previous survey in 2015. A secondary objective was to gather more detailed information on how HIV/AIDS topics are taught in schools, as reported by school prevention coordinators. METHODS: The questionnaire was distributed to 48 randomly selected educational institutions and the humanitarian organization MRIYA UA z.s. between October 2022 and January 2023. Data on 21 questions focusing on HIV/AIDS issues were collected anonymously from Czech and Ukrainian students. The survey included a representative sample of students from the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades in primary schools and multi-year grammar schools. Each institution received a questionnaire for the prevention coordinator, who answered 12 questions. RESULTS: A total of 3,011 students completed the questionnaire. The average score for HIV/AIDS knowledge was 13.5 points out of a maximum of 22 points. Students' knowledge gradually increased with higher grades: students from multi-year grammar schools scored an average of 15.9 points, while primary school students scored an average of 13.2 points. Czech students scored an average of 13.6 points, whereas Ukrainian students scored an average of 12.4 points; the 1.2-point difference was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Compared to the 2015 survey, there was a slight overall decline in adolescents' knowledge levels. Students' attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS positively correlated with their knowledge about HIV/AIDS: the better their knowledge, the more favourable their attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS. Students' main sources of information about HIV/AIDS were school (37.1%) and the Internet (36.6%). According to school prevention coordinators, 95.7% of the surveyed schools address the topic of HIV/AIDS, most commonly in biology or health education classes, dedicating an average of 8.7 instructional hours to the subject. The most frequent teaching method is video lessons, used by 87.2% of the surveyed schools. Schools expressed a preference for improving the quality of education by utilizing presentations with professionally approved content, with 74.5% of schools supporting this option. CONCLUSIONS: The survey highlighted a gradual increase in HIV/AIDS knowledge with advancing school grades, a significant disparity in knowledge between Czech and Ukrainian students, and a slight overall decline in knowledge compared to 2015. The Internet and schools were the main information sources, though the role of schools declined significantly. It also underscored the need for enhanced educational programmes and continuous professional development for educators to improve health literacy and HIV/AIDS prevention among adolescents.

• Klíčová slova
• AIDS, HIV, attitudes, education, knowledge, prevention, primary prevention, stigma,
• MeSH
• HIV infekce * prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• školy MeSH
• studenti * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

BACKGROUND: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) experience disproportionate rates of HIV infection in the USA, despite being no more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors than other MSM racial/ethnic groups. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to reduce risk of HIV acquisition; however, rates of PrEP use among Black MSM remain low. Clinical, psychosocial, and structural factors have been shown to impact PrEP use and adherence among Black MSM. Care coordination of HIV prevention services has the potential to improve PrEP use and adherence for Black MSM, as it has been shown to improve HIV-related care outcomes among people living with HIV. METHODS: Client-centered care coordination (C4) is a multi-level intervention designed to address clinical, psychosocial, and structural barriers to HIV prevention services for Black MSM within HPTN 073, a PrEP demonstration project among Black MSM in three cities in the USA. The current study examined the implementation process of C4, specifically investigating the activities, cost, time, and outcomes associated with the C4 intervention. RESULTS: On average, participants engaged in five care coordination encounters. The vast majority of care coordination activities were conducted by counselors, averaging 30 min per encounter. The cost of care coordination was relatively low with a mean cost of $8.70 per client encounter. CONCLUSION: Although client-centered care coordination was initially implemented in well-resourced communities with robust HIV research and service infrastructure, our findings suggest that C4 can be successfully implemented in resource constrained communities.

• Klíčová slova
• Black MSM, Care coordination, Client-centered, HIV prevention, Pre-exposure prophylaxis,
• MeSH
• černoši nebo Afroameričané MeSH
• HIV infekce * psychologie   MeSH
• homosexualita mužská MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sexuální a genderové menšiny * MeSH
• sexuální chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

OBJECTIVE: HIV testing among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Russia has been documented to be low; however, few studies have been conducted outside of the major metropolitan cities. The aim of this study was to determine how many PWID were aware of their HIV serostatus and what motivators were associated with getting tested for HIV. METHODS: Our analysis describes HIV testing behaviours among 593 PWID in Ivanovo and Novosibirsk, Russia. Participants completed a questionnaire and consented to HIV testing. We used logistic regression modelling to determine demographic and behavioural correlates of HIV testing. RESULTS: Self-reported history of HIV testing was 52% in Ivanovo and 54% in Novosibirsk. Prior knowledge of serostatus was very low among PWID who tested positive (3 of 102 in Ivanovo and 0 of 11 in Novosibirsk). The most common reason for testing was doctor referral, and the most common locations were government HIV/AIDS centres and prisons. HIV testing was rarely client initiated or led by a personal motivation for being tested. CONCLUSIONS: HIV testing in Ivanovo and Novosibirsk is suboptimal, resulting in poor knowledge of HIV serostatus. More programmes to promote HIV testing among PWID are urgently needed in both cities.

• Klíčová slova
• HIV serostatus, HIV testing, Ivanovo, Novosibirsk, Russia, knowledge, people who inject drugs,
• MeSH
• HIV infekce diagnóza   etnologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• HIV MeSH
• intravenózní abúzus drog komplikace   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• sérologické testy při AIDS metody   MeSH
• uživatelé drog psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rusko epidemiologie   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV in Greece. However, research on HIV incidence in this group is lacking. This study aimed at estimating HIV incidence among MSM in Athens, Greece. METHODS: The analysis included routinely collected data between January 2013-June 2015 from adult MSM who visited a community-based facility (Ath Checkpoint) at least twice and were non-reactive to the rapid INSTITM HIV-1/HIV-2 assay at baseline. HIV conversion rates were calculated by dividing the number of clients who became reactive by the person-years of observation. All statistical analyses including Poisson regression models were conducted in STATA 14. RESULTS: A total of 1,243 MSM contributed 1,102.50 person-years (py). The overall (per 100 py) conversion rate was 3.99 (95% CI: 2.97-5.36). In multivariable analyses, age less than 30 years was associated with an increased risk of HIV conversion (rate ratio: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.08-3.76). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis shows high rates of HIV conversion among MSM who repeatedly visit a community-based testing site. Ath Checkpoint could contribute to HIV surveillance and identify a high-risk group that could benefit from essential health interventions.

• Klíčová slova
• HIV incidence, MSM, checkpoint, intervention, testing,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HIV infekce diagnóza   epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• HIV séropozitivita epidemiologie   MeSH
• homosexualita mužská psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• komunitní zdravotní střediska MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• sérologické testy při AIDS MeSH
• sexuální partneři psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Řecko epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Mobile HIV counseling and testing (HCT) has been effective in reaching men, women, and adolescents in South Africa. However, there is limited understanding of effective mobile HCT programs utilizing tools like technology and edutainment to increase HIV counseling and testing rates. The authors examine data from the Shout-It-Now (S-N) program that uses such tools in South Africa. METHODS: The S-N program utilizes various forms of technology and ongoing telephonic counseling within a 6-step program of HIV testing and linkage-to-care support, and program data were analyzed over an 18-month period. Data were analyzed from women, men, and adolescent program participants. Summative statistics was conducted on participant registration, HIV risk assessment, and HIV testing profiles. HIV prevalence were estimated along with the related 95% confidence intervals using the Clopper-Pearson method. RESULTS: Over an 18-month period, there were 72 220 program participants with high representation of men, women, and adolescents and 40% of the participants being men at each site. There were 3343 participants who tested HIV positive, and a higher proportion of women tested positive. DISCUSSION: Integrating technology, quality assurance measures, and edutainment with mobile HCT has the potential to increase the number of those who test within communities. Research is needed to understand the effectiveness of this model in facilitating regular testing and linkage to care.

• Klíčová slova
• HIV, edutainment, mobile HCT, technology,
• MeSH
• chytrý telefon statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HIV infekce diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• plošný screening přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• poradenství MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH

Using data from four sites in three African countries, this community randomized study examined the association between childhood sexual and/or physical abuse (CSA and/or CPA) and HIV disclosure, HIV-related stigma, stress, and social support among adults with and without a history of abuse. A history of abuse among men was associated with higher levels of adult-reported stress and HIV-related stigma, and with significantly lower rates of HIV test result disclosure to current partners. Women with a history of CSA and/or CPA had significantly higher perceived stigma, discrimination and stress. Although childhood abuse was significantly associated with adult stress and stigmatization, participants with histories of CSA and/or CPA also reported significantly higher perceived social support compared to people without such experiences. These findings may reflect support received in response to disclosure of CSA or CPA or emotional ambivalence in relationships that have been found to be associated with child abuse. We conclude that it is critical for HIV prevention interventions to advocate for the primary prevention of child abuse, for early identification of adolescents and adults who report experiencing childhood abuse, and to address stigma and stress-related attitudinal, behavioral and relationship difficulties experiences as an aftermath of early abuse that increase their risk of HIV.

• Klíčová slova
• Adult stress and social support, Child physical abuse, Child sexual abuse, HIV disclosure, HIV-related stigma,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• domácí násilí psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí s anamnézou domácího násilí nebo sexuálního zneužívání v dětství psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HIV infekce diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek MeSH
• posttraumatická stresová porucha psychologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sdělení pravdy * MeSH
• sexuální chování psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální partneři MeSH
• sexuální zneužívání dítěte psychologie   MeSH
• sociální opora MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• společenské stigma * MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Afrika MeSH
• subsaharská Afrika MeSH

BACKGROUND: There is increased focus on HIV prevention with African men who report experiencing childhood sexual (CSA) or physical abuse (CPA). OBJECTIVE: To better understand the effects of a community-based intervention (Project Accept HPTN 043) on HIV prevention behaviors among men who report CSA or CPA experiences. METHODS: Project Accept compared a community-based voluntary mobile counseling and testing (CBVCT) intervention with standard VCT. The intervention employed individual HIV risk reduction planning with motivational interviewing in 34 African communities (16 communities at 2 sites in South Africa, 10 in Tanzania, and 8 in Zimbabwe). Communities were randomized unblinded in matched pairs to CBVCT or SVCT, delivered over 36 months. The post-intervention assessment was conducted using a single, cross-sectional random survey of 18-32 year-old community members (total N = 43,292). We analyzed the effect of the intervention on men with reported CSA or CPA across the African sites. Men were identified with a survey question asking about having experienced CSA or CPA across the lifespan. The effect of intervention on considered outcomes of the preventive behavior was statistically evaluated using the logistic regression models. RESULTS: Across the sites, the rates of CSA or CPA among men indicated that African men reflected the global prevalence (20%) with a range of 13-24%. The statistically significant effect of the intervention among these men was seen in their increased effort to receive their HIV test results (OR 2.71; CI: (1.08, 6.82); P: 0.034). The intervention effect on the other designated HIV prevention behaviors was less pronounced. CONCLUSION: The effect of the intervention on these men showed increased motivation to receive their HIV test results. However, more research is needed to understand the effects of community-based interventions on this group, and such interventions need to integrate other keys predictors of HIV including trauma, coping strategies, and intimate partner violence.

• MeSH
• direktivní poradenství MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HIV infekce epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• Národní institut pro duševní zdraví (USA) MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sexuální zneužívání dítěte psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• spolupráce organizací a občanů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH
• Tanzanie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Zimbabwe epidemiologie   MeSH

AIMS: Determine the extent to which buprenorphine injectors continue treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone or methadone, and the impact of these treatments on substance use and HIV risk in the Republic of Georgia. METHODS: Randomized controlled 12-week trial of daily-observed methadone or buprenorphine-naloxone followed by a dose taper, referral to ongoing treatment, and follow-up at week 20 at the Uranti Clinic in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. Eighty consenting treatment-seeking individuals (40/group) aged 25 and above who met ICD-10 criteria for opioid dependence with physiologic features and reported injecting buprenorphine 10 or more times in the past 30 days. Opioid use according to urine tests and self-reports, treatment retention, and HIV risk behavior as determined by the Risk Assessment Battery. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 33.7 (SD5.7), 4 were female, mean history of opioid injection use was 5.8 years (SD4.6), none were HIV+ at intake or at the 12-week assessment and 73.4% were HCV+. Sixty-eight participants (85%) completed the 12-week medication phase (33 from methadone and 35 from buprenorphine/naloxone group); 37 (46%) were in treatment at the 20-week follow-up (21 from methadone and 16 from the buprenorphine/naloxone group). In both study arms, treatment resulted in a marked reduction in unprescribed buprenorphine, other opioid use, and HIV injecting risk behavior with no clinically significant differences between the two treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: Daily observed methadone or buprenorphine-naloxone are effective treatments for non-medical buprenorphine and other opioid use in the Republic of Georgia and likely to be useful for preventing HIV infection.

• Klíčová slova
• Buprenorphine abuse, Republic of Georgia, Treatment,
• MeSH
• buprenorfin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatitida C epidemiologie   MeSH
• HIV infekce psychologie   přenos   MeSH
• intravenózní abúzus drog farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methadon terapeutické užití   MeSH
• narkotika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• odhalování abúzu drog MeSH
• opiátová substituční terapie * MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů farmakoterapie   MeSH
• riskování * MeSH
• společné užívání jehel statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Gruzie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• buprenorfin MeSH
• methadon MeSH
• narkotika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Throughout Europe, differences in satisfaction with HIV-care of people living with HIV (PLHIV) persist, despite a tendency towards harmonisation of policy and management. METHODS: A European sample of 1,549 PLHIV responded to an anonymous questionnaire assessing demographic background, general health, mental health, sexual health, and HIV-service provision. We compared the results across 3 regions: Western, Southern and Central/Eastern Europe. RESULTS: PLHIV differed in several socio-demographic variables (gender, migrant status, sexual orientation, and financial situation) as well as specific psychosocial aspects (HIV-related discrimination, satisfaction with sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in HIV-care settings, and complaints about service provision). Using multivariate analysis, a predictive model for satisfaction with SRH services in HIV clinics was developed, resulting into region of residence, and participants' satisfaction with their own health status as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Better integration of SRH services in HIV-care should be encouraged. Service providers should be trained and encouraged to discuss SRH issues with their patients to create a supportive environment, free of discrimination. More time should be allocated to discuss SRH issues with individual patients.

• MeSH
• ambulantní zařízení organizace a řízení   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• HIV infekce psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předsudek MeSH
• sexuální chování MeSH
• služby v oblasti reprodukčního zdraví organizace a řízení   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů * MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

For several years, some of the countries of the former Soviet Union have experienced the fastest growing HIV epidemic in the world, with the vast majority of reported infections contracted through injecting drug use. However, most governments of the region have been slow to recognize the severity of the problem. The scope and coverage of governmental HIV/AIDS programmes have remained very limited. Harm reduction programmes are mainly financed by external donors, while substitution treatment remains illegal in Russia and unavailable in some other countries of the region. Being based on a review of published and grey literature, this paper explores attitudinal and societal barriers to scaling up HIV programmes in the countries of the former Soviet Union. A major challenge in many countries is negative public attitudes towards people living with HIV, as well as towards those most at risk of contracting the disease: injecting drug users, sex workers, and men who have sex with men. This extends to the actions of state authorities which often pursue a punitive approach to drug users, with high rates of incarceration for minor drug offences. While many of the findings reported here relate to the Russian Federation, there is reason to believe that similar challenges exist in many other countries of the former Soviet Union. More needs to be done to document challenges to HIV prevention and treatment programmes across the region, so that policy interventions can be more effective.

• MeSH
• AIDS prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• HIV infekce prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• intravenózní abúzus drog prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• předsudek * MeSH
• Společenství nezávislých států MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
• zdravotní politika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Společenství nezávislých států MeSH