Comparison of the genomes of free-living Bodo saltans and those of parasitic trypanosomatids reveals that the transition from a free-living to a parasitic life style has resulted in the loss of approximately 50% of protein-coding genes. Despite this dramatic reduction in genome size, B. saltans and trypanosomatids still share a significant number of common metabolic traits: glycosomes; a unique set of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway genes; an ATP-PFK which is homologous to the bacterial PPi -PFKs rather than to the canonical eukaryotic ATP-PFKs; an alternative oxidase; three phosphoglycerate kinases and two GAPDH isoenzymes; a pyruvate kinase regulated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate; trypanothione as a substitute for glutathione; synthesis of fatty acids via a unique set of elongase enzymes; and a mitochondrial acetate:succinate coenzyme A transferase. B. saltans has lost the capacity to synthesize ubiquinone. Among genes that are present in B. saltans and lost in all trypanosomatids are those involved in the degradation of mureine, tryptophan and lysine. Novel acquisitions of trypanosomatids are components of pentose sugar metabolism, pteridine reductase and bromodomain-factor proteins. In addition, only the subfamily Leishmaniinae has acquired a gene for catalase and the capacity to convert diaminopimelic acid to lysine.

• Klíčová slova
• Leishmania, Leptomonas, Phytomonas, Trypanosoma, adaptation, lateral gene transfer, parasitism,
• MeSH
• aminokyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dolichol metabolismus   MeSH
• ergosterol biosyntéza   MeSH
• Eukaryota genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosfolipidy metabolismus   MeSH
• glukoneogeneze MeSH
• glykolýza MeSH
• Kinetoplastida enzymologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• koenzymy metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina listová metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina mevalonová metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• metabolismus sacharidů MeSH
• mikrotělíska metabolismus   MeSH
• mitochondrie enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• močovina metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy metabolismus   MeSH
• pentózofosfátový cyklus MeSH
• peroxizomy metabolismus   MeSH
• polyaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• prenylace proteinů MeSH
• protozoální geny genetika   MeSH
• protozoální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• puriny biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• pyrimidiny biosyntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• Trypanosomatina enzymologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• ubichinon metabolismus   MeSH
• vitaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• dolichol MeSH
• ergosterol MeSH
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• koenzymy MeSH
• kyselina listová MeSH
• kyselina mevalonová MeSH
• močovina MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy MeSH
• polyaminy MeSH
• protozoální proteiny MeSH
• purine MeSH Prohlížeč
• puriny MeSH
• pyrimidine MeSH Prohlížeč
• pyrimidiny MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• ubichinon MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

We have studied topoisomerase II (topo II) in the cells of Bodo saltans, a free-living bodonid (Kinetoplastida). Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the entire topo II gene, which is a single-copy gene, confirmed that B. saltans is a predecessor of parasitic trypanosomatids. Antibodies generated against either an overexpressed unique C-terminal region of topo II or a synthetic oligopeptide derived from the same region did not cross-react with cell lysates of related trypanosomatids, while they recognized a single specific band in the B. saltans lysate. Immunolocalization experiments using both antibodies showed that topo II is evenly dispersed throughout the kinetoplast. This is in striking difference from the localization of topo II in other flagellates, where it occurs in two antipodal centers flanking the kinetoplast disk. Moreover, the same topo II has a distinct localization in multiple loci at the periphery of the nucleus of B. saltans. With a minicircle probe derived from the conserved region we have shown that all relaxed non-catenated minicircles are confined to the globular kinetoplast DNA bundle. Therefore, in the mitochondrion of this primitive eukaryote topo II does not catenate relaxed DNA circles into a network in vivo, while a decatenating activity is present in partially purified cell lysates.

• MeSH
• buněčné jádro enzymologie   MeSH
• DNA primery MeSH
• DNA-topoisomerasy typu II genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• Kinetoplastida enzymologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie enzymologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční homologie aminokyselin MeSH
• Southernův blotting MeSH
• subcelulární frakce enzymologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA primery MeSH
• DNA-topoisomerasy typu II MeSH