The aim of this retrospective study of 330 rabbits (164 males, 166 females) was to determine different vertebral formulas and prevalence of congenital vertebral anomalies in rabbits from radiographs of the cervical (C), thoracic (Th), lumbar (L) and sacral (S) segments of the vertebral column. The number of vertebrae in each segment of vertebral column, position of anticlinal vertebra and localisation and type of congenital abnormalities were recorded. In 280/330 rabbits (84.8%) with normal vertebral morphology, seven vertebral formulas were identified: C7/Th12/L7/S4 (252/330, 76.4%), C7/Th12/L6/S4 (11/330, 3.3%), C7/Th13/L7/S4 (8/330, 2.4%), C7/Th12/L7/S5 (4/330, 1.2%), C7/Th12/L8/S4 (3/330, 0.9%), C7/Th12/L7/S6 (1/330, 0.3%) and C7/Th11/L7/S4 (1/330, 0.3%). The anticlinal vertebra was identified as Th10 in 56.4% of rabbits and Th11 in 42.4% of rabbits. Congenital spinal abnormalities were identified in 50/330 (15.2%) rabbits, predominantly as a single pathology (n=44). Transitional vertebrae represented the most common abnormalities (n=41 rabbits) in the thoracolumbar (n=35) and lumbosacral segments (n=6). Five variants of thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae were identified. Cervical butterfly vertebrae were detected in three rabbits. One rabbit exhibited three congenital vertebral anomalies: cervical block vertebra, thoracic hemivertebra and thoracolumbar transitional vertebra. Five rabbits exhibited congenital vertebral abnormalities with concurrent malalignment, specifically cervical kyphosis/short vertebra (n=1), thoracic lordoscoliosis/thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae (n=1), thoracic kyphoscoliosis/wedge vertebrae (n=2) and thoracolumbar lordoscoliosis/thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae/lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (n=1). These findings suggest that vertebral columns in rabbits display a wide range of morphologies, with occasional congenital malformations.
- Klíčová slova
- Congenital anomaly, Rabbit, Radiography, Spine, Transitional vertebra,
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- hrudní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- králíci * abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- krční obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- křížová kost MeSH
- kyfóza diagnostické zobrazování veterinární MeSH
- radiografie metody veterinární MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- skolióza diagnostické zobrazování veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci * abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Vertebral column pathologies requiring surgical intervention have been described in pet ferrets, however little information is available on the normal vertebral formula and congenital variants in this species. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe vertebral formulas and prevalence of congenital vertebral anomalies in a sample of pet ferrets. Radiographs of 172 pet ferrets (96 males and 76 females) were included in this retrospective study. In 143 ferrets (83.14%), five different formulas of the vertebral column were recorded with normal morphology of vertebrae (rib attachment included) but with a variable number of thoracic (Th), lumbar (L), and sacral (S) vertebrae. The number of cervical (C) vertebrae was constant in all examined animals. Observed vertebral formulas were C7/Th14/L6/S3 (51.74%), C7/Th14/L6/S4 (22.10%), C7/Th14/L7/S3 (6.98%), C7/Th15/L6/S3 (1.74%), and C7/Th15/L6/S4 (0.58%). Formula C7/Th14/L6/S4 was significantly more common in males than in females (P < 0.05). Congenital spinal abnormalities were found in 29 ferrets (16.86%), mostly localized in the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions. The cervical region was affected in only one case. Transitional vertebrae represented the most common congenital abnormalities (26 ferrets) in the thoracolumbar (13 ferrets) and lumbosacral regions (10 ferrets) or simultaneously in both regions (three ferrets). Other vertebral anomalies included block (two ferrets) and wedge vertebra (one ferret). Spina bifida was not detected. Findings from the current study indicated that vertebral formulas may vary in ferrets and congenital abnormalities are common. This should be taken into consideration for surgical planning.
- Klíčová slova
- Mustelidae, congenital anomaly, radiograph, spine, transitional vertebra,
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- fretky abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- hrudní obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- krční obratle abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- křížová kost abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- páteř abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- žebra abnormality anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Congenital malformations such as lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and spina bifida occulta constitute unrare anomalies and could affect the symptomatology of low back pain. A transitional vertebra is characterized by elongation of one or both transverse processes, leading to the appearance ofa sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra or a lumbarized first sacral vertebra. Furthermore, sacral spina bifida occulta is a developmental anomaly that corresponds to the incomplete closure of the vertebral column. In the present case report, we describe a case of a dried sacrum presenting a partially sacralized fifth lumbar vertebra and total spina bifida, extended from first to fifth sacral vertebra. A pseudoarthrosis is formed on the left side and the specimen could be incorporated in Castellvi's type IIa. Moreover, the incidence, morphology, clinical and surgical significance of these spinal malformations are discussed.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality MeSH
- křížová kost abnormality MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mrtvola MeSH
- spina bifida occulta patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ledviny abnormality MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetné abnormality diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- těhotenství při diabetu diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ultrasonografie prenatální MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Rigid structural spine scoliosis of a child and even non progressive congenital scoliosis (e.g. isolated hemivertebra) can be treated by hypercorrective brace in full day regime. The article shows the new type of corrective brace with adjustable force effect. The brace consists of 3 stiff parts connected by joints and telescopes. The parts of brace are made from plastic according to plaster form of child trunk. The joints allow only mutual turning brace parts at frontal plane. The special telescopes were developed which operated with prescribed forces, it means the brace and trunk parts are mutually turned at prescribed moments. The article shows the algorithm for calculation of spine stress state, and spine curve correction for given brace with adjusted telescope forces. The second algorithm calculates the telescope forces for demanded spine curve correction. The computer program can be used for computer aid design of brace forces. The force effect of the new type of brace is demonstrated on a 14 months old boy with congenital scoliosis of lumbar spine (hemivertebra L1 and L3 on the right side). Curvature measured according to Coob was changed after application of this brace from 47.5° to 32.0°.
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality patofyziologie MeSH
- biologické modely * MeSH
- design vybavení metody MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanický stres * MeSH
- skolióza patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- výztuhy normy trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- křížová kost abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- křížová kost abnormality MeSH
- ledviny abnormality MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetné abnormality * MeSH
- střední ucho abnormality MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- zevní ucho abnormality MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- bederní obratle abnormality MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pánev růst a vývoj MeSH
- sakrokokcygeální krajina abnormality MeSH
- vývoj kostí * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
