We investigated the influence of oxygenation of in vitro lung preparation on the pulmonary vascular reactivity. Small pulmonary vessels isolated from adult male Wistar rats exposed for 4 days to hypoxia (F(iO2) = 0.1, group CH) were compared with those of normoxic controls (group N). The bath in the chamber of small vessel myograph was saturated with gas mixture containing either 21% or 95% of O(2) with 5% CO(2) and we measured the reactions of vessels to acute hypoxic challenge with 0% O(2) or to PGF(2alpha). We did not observe any difference of the contractile responses between both groups when the normoxic conditions were set in the bath. When the bath oxygenation was increased to 95% O(2), the contractions induced by hypoxic challenge and PGF(2alpha) decreased in chronically hypoxic rats and did not change in normoxic controls. We hypothesize that reduced reactivity of vessels from hypoxic rats in hyperoxia results from the effect of chronic hypoxia on Ca(2+) signaling in the vascular smooth muscle, which is modulated by increased free radical production during the exposure to chronic hypoxia and further hyperoxia.

• MeSH
• arteria pulmonalis účinky léků   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• dinoprost farmakologie   MeSH
• hyperoxie metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• hypoxie metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• myografie MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• vápníková signalizace MeSH
• vazokonstrikce účinky léků   MeSH
• vazokonstriktory farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dinoprost MeSH
• vazokonstriktory MeSH

Erythromycin has a well-known dual effect on the contractility of the gastrointestinal system and recently has also been shown to inhibit contractions of the rat myometrium. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of clarithromycin on oxytocin, prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and KCl-induced contractions of human myometrium in vitro. Myometrial strips were obtained from pregnant women undergoing elective Cesarean section and the strips were suspended in a jacketed organ bath filled with Krebs solution at 37 degrees C (pH 7.4) and continuously aired with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. Isometric contractions were measured using a force displacement transducer. Oxytocin, PGF2alpha, KCl and clarithromycin were applied to the tissue bath and the amplitude and frequency of contractions were evaluated at 20-min intervals. Freidmann analysis of variance, Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank tests were used for statistical analysis of the data. Clarithromycin dose dependently inhibited the amplitude of contractions independent of the stimulus. Pre-treatment with apamin prevented clarithromycin-induced effects on amplitude and frequency of contractions. We conclude that the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin may have a direct inhibitory effect on contractions of human myometrium.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• chlorid draselný farmakologie   MeSH
• děložní kontrakce účinky léků   MeSH
• dinoprost farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• klarithromycin farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myometrium účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• oxytocin farmakologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• uterotonika farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• chlorid draselný MeSH
• dinoprost MeSH
• klarithromycin MeSH
• oxytocin MeSH
• uterotonika MeSH

Interest surrounds the role of an NADPH oxidase-like enzyme in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). We have studied the effects of the NADPH oxidase inhibitors iodonium diphenyl (ID) and cadmium sulphate (CdSO4) upon HPV of isolated rat pulmonary arteries (n = 73, internal diameter 545 +/- 23 microm). Vessels were preconstricted with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha, 0.5 or 5 microM) prior to a hypoxic challenge. ID (10 or 50 microM), CdSO4 (100 microM) or vehicle (50 microl) was added for 30 min before re-exposure to PGF2alpha and hypoxia. ID and CdSO4 significantly inhibited HPV. In vessels preconstricted with 5 microM PGF2alpha, ID (10 and 50 microM) reduced HPV from 37.4 +/- 5.6 % to 9.67 +/- 4.4 % of the contractile response elicited by 80 mM KCl (P<0.05) and from 30.1 +/- 5.0 % to 0.63 +/- 0.6% 80 mM KCl response (P<0.01), respectively. CdSO4 (100 microM) reduced HPV from 29.4 +/-4.0 % to 17.1 +/- 2.2% 80 mM KCl response (P<0.05). In vessels preconstricted with 0.5 microM PGF2alpha, ID (10 and 50 microM) reduced HPV from 16.0 +/- 3.15% to 3.36 +/- 1.44 % 80 mM KCl response (P<0.01) and from 15.0 +/- 1.67 % to 2.82 +/- 1.40 % 80 mM KCl response (P<0.001), respectively. Constriction to PGF2alpha was potentiated by ID. ID and CdSO4, at concentrations previously shown to inhibit neutrophil NADPH oxidase, attenuate HPV in isolated rat pulmonary arteries. This suggests that an NADPH oxidase-like enzyme is involved in HPV and could act as the pulmonary oxygen sensor.

• MeSH
• arteria pulmonalis účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• bifenylové sloučeniny farmakologie   MeSH
• dinoprost farmakologie   MeSH
• hypoxie patofyziologie   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy antagonisté a inhibitory   fyziologie   MeSH
• oniové sloučeniny farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sírany farmakologie   MeSH
• sloučeniny kadmia farmakologie   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• vazokonstrikce účinky léků   MeSH
• vazokonstriktory farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bifenylové sloučeniny MeSH
• cadmium sulfate MeSH Prohlížeč
• dinoprost MeSH
• diphenyliodonium MeSH Prohlížeč
• inhibitory enzymů MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy MeSH
• oniové sloučeniny MeSH
• sírany MeSH
• sloučeniny kadmia MeSH
• vazokonstriktory MeSH

The quantitative micromorphological changes of tertiary follicles and corpora lutea (CL) were studied in ewes in the autumn mating season after oestrus synchronization, induced by administration of PGF2 alpha (Oestrophan Spofa) at a rate of 125 micrograms, and after superovulation, induced by administration of PMSG (Antex Leo, Denmark) at a rate of 1000 I. U., or PMSG at rates of 750 and 1000 I. U. together with 50,000 I. U. vitamin A (Axerophthol Spofa). The highest number of ovulations was obtained in ewes treated with 1000 I. U. together with vitamin A (3.4 +/- 3.0) and after administration of 1000 I. U. PMSG alone (2.6 +/- 2.74). The highest number of tertiary follicles was recorded in ewes after administration of PGF2 alpha. The proportion of tertiary atretic follicles was the highest in ewes after administration of PMSG (64.6%). The occurrence of the luteinizing form of atresia was recorded only in ewes treated with PMSG (4% of the total number of atretic follicles). Using the caryometric analysis of the luteal cells of corpora lutea, the ewes of the experimental groups had two-peak variation curves; this corresponds to the theory of the presence of two luteal types in the tissue of the corpus luteum in ewes. As determined morphometrically, the smallest proportion of connective tissue out of the total volume of ewes' ovaries was found after administration of 1000 I. U. PMSG together with vitamin A. Administration of vitamin A together with PMSG had a favourable influence on the over-all follicular response, on the average number of ovulations, and on the proportion of non-atretic follicles.

• MeSH
• dinoprost farmakologie   MeSH
• gonadotropiny koňské farmakologie   MeSH
• ovariální folikul účinky léků   MeSH
• ovarium cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• ovce anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• superovulace účinky léků   MeSH
• synchronizace říje * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dinoprost MeSH
• gonadotropiny koňské MeSH

The effect of i.v. bolus administration of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha on carotid blood flow (Q) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was recorded in 21 anaesthetized normotensive control (N) and 12 rats with 1K1C renovascular hypertension (RH). From the measured parameters the regional vascular impedance (PVI) and the change in blood volume were calculated. In normotensive animals both PGs elicited a dose-dependent initial fast increase of Q (threshold dose 0.4 ng/kg) and a decrease of MAP and PVI (threshold dose 0.4 micrograms/kg). Subsequently, Q decreased below the initial level. MAP and PVI remained depressed after E2 but increased after F2 alpha. The time course of the Q and MAP responses was analyzed in more detail at a standard dose 4 micrograms/kg. The average time to peak of the first phase was 12 s and of the second approximately 80 s. The initial levels of Q and MAP were reestablished within 3 to 4 minutes. The total volume of carotid blood flow obtained by planimetric integration was unaltered after F2 alpha but depressed after E2. In hypertensive animals both phases of the response to E2 were significantly retarded and the Q response was nearly abolished. On the other hand, the time course of the reaction to F2 alpha was unchanged but the magnitude of the second pressoric phase was reduced. Thus, the capacity of the carotid vascular bed to dilate remains the same in RH while the ability to constrict is limited. It is concluded that the response of MAP and Q to both PGs are relatively independent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• MeSH
• arteriae carotides účinky léků   MeSH
• dinoprost farmakologie   MeSH
• dinoproston farmakologie   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
• krevní tlak účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mozkový krevní oběh účinky léků   MeSH
• renovaskulární hypertenze patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dinoprost MeSH
• dinoproston MeSH

The effect of exogenous hormonal preparations (PMSG, SG, PMSG + PGF2 alpha and FSH) was studied as exerted on neurosecretion and on changes in the nuclear volume of nucleus paraventricularis, nucleus ventromedialis, nucleus infundibularis and nucleus tuberomamillaris, and on histological changes in the third cerebral ventricle. Changes in catecholamine concentrations were determined in the rostral, medial, and caudal hypothalamus of the ewes. The study was performed with 28 ewes of the Slovak Merino breed during the oestrus period. The oestrus was synchronized by the Agelín vaginal tampons (Spofa). The ewes of four experimental groups were stimulated by the administration of 1000 I.U. PMSG (Antex-Leo), 1000 I. U. Serum Gonadotropin (Bioveta Ivanovice na Hané), 1000 I. U. PMSG with 250 micrograms Oestrophan inj. (Léciva Praha), and 450 I. U. Folistiman (VEB Arzneimittelwerk Dresden, GDR). The brain samples were processed by common histological methods. A caryometric analysis was performed at 3000-fold magnification and by measurement of 200 cells of one sample. The data were subjected to mathematical processing after Fischer and Inke (1956). The amount of neurosecretory material was evaluated by light microscopy (Nakahara, 1963). The multiplication of neurosecretion in the hypothalamic nuclei testifies to the fact that the administration of hormonal preparations stimulates the function of hypothalamic structures, which corresponds with the results of the caryometric analysis. It also ensues from the results that the administration of serum gonadotropins (PMSG and SG) at the dose of 1000 I. U. results in a statistically significant decline (P less than 0.001) of the concentrations of norepinephrine in the rostral, medial and caudal hypothalami of the ewes, although the PMSG preparation has a more pronounced effect when compared with SG. The hormonal stimulation with PGF2 alpha and with FSH causes no significant changes in the concentration of norepinephrine in the hypothalamus of the ewes. As norepinephrine is considered as a neurosecretion inhibitor, the multiplication of neurosecretion in the hypothalamus nuclei after stimulation with serum gonadotropins correlates with the decline of hypothalamic norepinephrine concentrations.

• MeSH
• chlormadinon analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• dinoprost farmakologie   MeSH
• gonadotropiny hypofyzární farmakologie   MeSH
• gonadotropiny koňské farmakologie   MeSH
• hypothalamus cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• katecholaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• ovce anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlormadinon MeSH
• chlorsuperlutin MeSH Prohlížeč
• dinoprost MeSH
• gonadotropiny hypofyzární MeSH
• gonadotropiny koňské MeSH
• katecholaminy MeSH

• MeSH
• dinoprost aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• indukovaný porod MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxytocin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• porodní děj účinky léků   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dinoprost MeSH
• oxytocin MeSH

The effects of insulin and hydrocortisone on growth of hybridomas in serum-free medium were studied. The optimum growth-stimulating concentration of insulin was 10 micrograms/ml. Omission of insulin resulted in substantially decreased growth (23-53% of the cells growing 3 days with insulin). The optimum growth-supporting concentration of hydrocortisone was 2 ng/ml. Hybridoma cells growing 3 days without hydrocortisone represented about 80% of the cells growing with hydrocortisone. Hormones testosterone, triiodothyronine, and prostaglandin F2 alpha as well as growth factors EGF and FGF had no growth-supporting effect.

• MeSH
• buněčné dělení účinky léků   MeSH
• dinoprost farmakologie   MeSH
• epidermální růstový faktor farmakologie   MeSH
• fibroblastové růstové faktory farmakologie   MeSH
• hybridomy cytologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• hydrokortison farmakologie   MeSH
• inzulin farmakologie   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• růstové látky farmakologie   MeSH
• testosteron farmakologie   MeSH
• trijodthyronin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dinoprost MeSH
• epidermální růstový faktor MeSH
• fibroblastové růstové faktory MeSH
• hydrokortison MeSH
• inzulin MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• růstové látky MeSH
• testosteron MeSH
• trijodthyronin MeSH