OBJECTIVES: In tumorous impairment of CNS, cytological identification of the neoplastic cells in CSF frequently requires the use of ancillary techniques. Our methods are focused on identifying algorithms that increase the probability of identifying CSF malignant cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1.272 CSF samples from patients with tumorous infiltration of CNS of nonhematologic origin along with 721 samples from patients with hematologic malignancies were analyzed in a complex setting including cytological and immunocytochemical investigations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In CSF diagnostics we are aware of the limited amount of sample combined frequently with neoplastic oligocytosis. Provided atypical, potentially malignant cells in CSF are found, further investigation(s) should maximize the probability of their identification-an appropriate cytological staining and immunocytochemical panel is to be applied. (i) In cases of known recent malignancy: immunoprofile of the recent neoplasm has been considered in immunocytochemical panel. (ii) In patients with a history of malignancy: The propensity to develop a new different malignancy must be taken into account. (iii) Atypical cells found in the CSF of a patient with a negative history of malignancy: Considering the most frequent clinically silent malignancies, stepwise immunocytochemistry is employed. Three milliliter of initial CSF sample represents the absolute minimum to start with. CONCLUSIONS: The steps of the laboratory activity targeted on malignancy in the CSF detection can be expected as follows: (i) The sample will be divided for both nonmorphology and cytopathology investigations. (ii) Basic stainings will triage the samples into those with no suspicion of malignancy and the remaining ones. (iii) Special stainings and stepwise immunocytochemistry will be performed in parallel with the nonmorphology investigations.
- Klíčová slova
- cerebrospinal fluid, cytology, immunocytochemistry, malignant cells,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozkomíšní mok diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému * mozkomíšní mok diagnóza metabolismus MeSH
- neurologické vyšetření metody MeSH
- počet buněk metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- antigen Ki-67 metabolismus MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ependymom metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA metabolismus MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému metabolismus patologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transkripční faktory SOXE genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodníky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigen Ki-67 MeSH
- messenger RNA MeSH
- SOX10 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- transkripční faktory SOXE MeSH
Protein p73 is a member of the p53 protein family that can induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis by the activation of p53-responsive genes as well as p53-independent pathways. Alternative promoter usage, together with differential splicing of the C-terminal exons, forms several distinct mRNAs that are translated into corresponding protein isoforms containing different domains. While TAp73 isoforms respond to genotoxic stress in a manner similar to tumor suppressor p53, ΔTAp73 isoforms inhibit apoptosis during normal development and in cancer cell lines. Thus, the impact of p73 on tumorigenesis depends on a subtle balance between tumor-promoting and -suppressing isoforms. Due to the structural homology between p53 and p73, a subtle balance among p53 family members and their isoforms could influence glioma cell evolution toward malignancy. Thus, the p73 status has to be considered when studying the regulatory role of p53 protein in gliomagenesis. The presented review summarizes recent knowledge about the issue of p73 and its isoforms with respect to neuro-oncology research.
- Klíčová slova
- TP73 gene, gliomagenesis, isoforms, p73 protein,
- MeSH
- DNA vazebné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- genetická transkripce MeSH
- jaderné proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nádorová transformace buněk genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové supresorové proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému genetika metabolismus MeSH
- protein - isoformy genetika MeSH
- protein p73 MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA vazebné proteiny MeSH
- jaderné proteiny MeSH
- nádorové supresorové proteiny MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 MeSH
- protein - isoformy MeSH
- protein p73 MeSH
- TP73 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
Urgent examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides immediate important information about the character of central nervous system (CNS) impairment. Although this examination includes energy parameters such as glucose and lactate concentrations, it does not commonly use Coefficient of Energy Balance (CEB). In this study, we focused on CEB because it enables more exact assessment of actual energy state in the CSF compartment than glucose and lactate alone. CEB informs about the actual functioning condition of present cells, and it does not require any other analysis or costs. Using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, we examined a large CSF sample (n = 8183) and we compared CEB values among groups with different cytological syndromes. We found a statistically significant difference of CEB between the group with granulocyte pleocytosis and the control group. These results indicate a high degree of anaerobic metabolism caused by the oxidative burst of neutrophils. Similarly, we found a statistically significant difference of CEB between the control group and groups with tumorous oligocytosis plus pleocytosis and monocyte pleocytosis. This difference can be attributed to the oxidative burst of macrophages. Our findings suggest that CEB combined with CSF cytology has a great importance for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and early therapy of CNS diseases.
- MeSH
- časná diagnóza * MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- energetický metabolismus * MeSH
- fagocyty metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému mozkomíšní mok metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci centrálního nervového systému mozkomíšní mok diagnóza metabolismus MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- respirační vzplanutí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
