OBJECTIVES: We assess the potential benefits of increased physical activity for the global economy for 23 countries and the rest of the world from 2020 to 2050. The main factors taken into account in the economic assessment are excess mortality and lower productivity. METHODS: This study links three methodologies. First, we estimate the association between physical inactivity and workplace productivity using multivariable regression models with proprietary data on 120 143 individuals in the UK and six Asian countries (Australia, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore and Sri Lanka). Second, we analyse the association between physical activity and mortality risk through a meta-regression analysis with data from 74 prior studies with global coverage. Finally, the estimated effects are combined in a computable general equilibrium macroeconomic model to project the economic benefits of physical activity over time. RESULTS: Doing at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, as per lower limit of the range recommended by the 2020 WHO guidelines, would lead to an increase in global gross domestic product (GDP) of 0.15%-0.24% per year by 2050, worth up to US$314-446 billion per year and US$6.0-8.6 trillion cumulatively over the 30-year projection horizon (in 2019 prices). The results vary by country due to differences in baseline levels of physical activity and GDP per capita. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing physical activity in the population would lead to reduction in working-age mortality and morbidity and an increase in productivity, particularly through lower presenteeism, leading to substantial economic gains for the global economy.

• Klíčová slova
• economics, physical activity, statistics,
• MeSH
• celosvětové zdraví ekonomika   MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• hrubý domácí produkt statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita trendy   MeSH
• podpora zdraví ekonomika   MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Czech nutrition recommendations prioritize health aspects without considering affordability. Low socio-economic groups have the highest risk of nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases and cost has been identified as an obstacle to achieve a healthy diet, making the implementation of affordability into dietary guidelines necessary. The aim of this study was to develop a food basket (FB) for a low income Czech family of four that is nutritionally adequate, health-promoting and culturally acceptable at an affordable price. METHODS: Linear programming optimisation was used to ascertain that the FB covered the recommended nutrient intakes from the Czech Nutrition Society and from the World Health Organization (WHO). Cost of the FB was calculated on the basis of more than 3900 prices of 330 foods. Within a given cost constraint, all FBs were optimized for the highest possible similarity to the reported food group intake according to the most recent Czech National Food Consumption survey, which was used as a proxy for cultural acceptability. RESULTS: The optimised FB affordable at a daily food budget for a Czech family on minimum wage (CZK 177, ~ € 6.8) contained 76 foods and had an average relative deviation of 10% per food category from reported intake. The main deviations were: 72% less sweets and confectionery; 66% less salt; 52% less meat; 50% less milk products; 8% less potatoes; and 484% more milk; 69% more oils and fats; 20% more cereals; and 6% more vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: The optimised FB can help to guide the development of food-based dietary guidelines for low income households in Czech Republic.

• Klíčová slova
• Affordable diet, Cultural acceptability, Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs), Linear programming, Low socio-economic status, Nutritionally adequate diet,
• MeSH
• chudoba ekonomika   MeSH
• dieta ekonomika   metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kulturně kompetentní péče metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• podpora zdraví ekonomika   metody   MeSH
• výživová politika ekonomika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The aim of this paper is to identify a break in the development trend of the time series of the number of fatal, light and heavy injuries in traffic accidents and compare the progress caused by the media campaign named "Think or you'll pay! "in the Czech Republic over the period 2000-2015. The campaign focuses on the age group of drivers under the age of 25 and the most common cause of their traffic accidents as the drivers in this age category are the most vulnerable group in road traffic. The campaign uses a method in which it tries to influence behaviour by negative action, or by causing negative emotions. The authors concentrate on the effects of mass media campaigns in the long-term development of accidents in the Czech Republic and a financial evaluation of the road safety campaign "Think or you'll pay! "by comparing the campaign costs, the cost of road fatalities, and the cost savings from the perspective of government expenditures. The secondary source data for the chart analysis and interpolation according to the criteria of analytical and mechanical balancing time series, the Chow test and Quandt Likelihood Ratio test, choosing the appropriate model trend of accidents and consequences of traffic accidents were obtained from the Czech Ministry of Transport, the database of The Losses due to Traffic Accident Rates (CZRSO) and the Czech Association of Victims of Traffic Accidents (CSODN, 2015) from period of 1990 till 2016. The impact of the media campaign "Think or you'll pay!", measured by enumerating the costs was compared with the number of fatalities in the years immediately after the campaign and the impact of the media campaign was evaluated and recognised. The conclusion and the highlights summarize the findings of research and the limits of media campaign evaluation approach.

• Klíčová slova
• Cost analysis, Road and traffic safety, Time series models, media campaign,
• MeSH
• analýza nákladů a výnosů * MeSH
• bezpečnost * MeSH
• databáze faktografické MeSH
• dopravní nehody prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• hromadné sdělovací prostředky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
• podpora zdraví * ekonomika   MeSH
• přesvědčovací komunikace * MeSH
• rány a poranění etiologie   MeSH
• riskování MeSH
• řízení motorových vozidel * MeSH
• vládní programy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The goal of this overview paper is to offer the international (European) evidence in the field of chronic diseases condition. Chronic conditions counting more that 60% of all deaths worldwide and about 90% of all deaths in the Czech Republic. Population development in developed countries is characterized by increasing live expectancy and by growing population in higher age groups namely in age more that 65 years. In the same time the population faced the consequences of unhealthy live style like eatings habit or physical inactivity. Thanks these factors as well as thanks increasing expectations and available medical technologies the costs of chronic conditions are increasing. More attention is currently paid to the integrated management of chronic condition based on self-management, use of ITC as well as use family support and community based approach.

• MeSH
• analýza nákladů a výnosů MeSH
• chronická nemoc ekonomika   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podpora zdraví ekonomika   metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Several scientific studies estimate the burden of physical inactivity in different countries, yet in the Czech Republic, this kind of research is still missing. This paper represents one of the first attempts to quantify the costs of physical inactivity in the Czech Republic for 2008. METHODS: The analysis, based on scientific literature review, uses the comparative risk assessment methodology and applies it on data available in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: In 2008, the financial cost of physical inactivity to public health insurance companies was almost 700 million Kc, or 0.4%, of total healthcare costs. Furthermore, physical inactivity caused 2442, or 2.3%, of all deaths in 2008 and 18,065, or 1.2%, of all disability-adjusted life years in 2004. CONCLUSIONS: The costs of physical inactivity in the Czech Republic are considerable, yet slightly smaller than in other comparable studies. The obtained results could be used as an argument for policymakers when conceiving public or private health policy.

• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalitativně upravené roky života * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
• náklady na zdravotní péči statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí * MeSH
• podpora zdraví ekonomika   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví ekonomika   MeSH
• volnočasové aktivity MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

This paper seeks to outline the challenges of tobacco consumption control in the transitional economy of Croatia. It focuses on issues of taxation, high unemployment, and smuggling while attempting to meet European Union (EU) accession requirements for tobacco control legislation that reduces smoking consumption. The issue of tobacco control is not a simple one and requires a multi-pronged approach. While Croatia has made good progress in adopting legislation, it needs to strengthen its efforts both in terms of enforcement and increased taxation of cigarettes.

• MeSH
• daně zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• inzerce jako téma zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
• odvykání kouření ekonomika   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• podpora zdraví ekonomika   MeSH
• poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• prevence kouření * MeSH
• zdravotní politika zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Chorvatsko MeSH