PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Our study aims to compare the results of preoperative radiography and intraoperative visual assessment of the cartilage with histological assessment of joint surfaces of the medial and lateral compartments resected in patients during the total knee replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cohort included 20 patients (9 men and 11 women) with the mean age of 66.6 (±7.0) years who met the inclusion criteria of the study. Degenerative changes of the knee joint seen on a preoperative weight-bearing anteroposterior X-ray were evaluated according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system separately for the medial and lateral compartment. Based on the visual appearance, the condition of articular surfaces was assessed using the International Cartilage Repair Society Score (ICRS Grade). The histological assessment of degenerative changes was conducted by a pathologist with the use of the Osteoarthritis Research Society International Osteoarthritis Cartilage Histopathology Assessment System based on six grades of articular cartilage degeneration. RESULTS: The mean degree of degenerative changes based on the radiological classification was assessed as 3.5 (±0.6) for the medial compartment and 2.1 (±0.4) for the lateral compartment. The visually assessed chondropathy according to the ICRS Grade was 3.7 (±0.6) for the medial femoral condyle and 1.8 (±1.0) for the lateral femoral condyle. The histological score obtained using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International Osteoarthritis Cartilage Histopathology Assessment was 4.9 (±1.1) for the medial femoral condyle and 2.4 (±0.7) for the lateral femoral condyle. In respect of the medial compartment, there was no statistically significant parametric correlation between the intraoperative visual assessment of the cartilage degeneration and the preoperative radiological grade r = 0.45. The histological assessment showed a statistically significant concordance both with the degree of chondropathy r = 0.76 and the radiological grade r = 0.64. In the lateral compartment, the parametric test showed a statistically significant concordance only between the radiological grade and the histological score r = 0.72. The correlation between the visual assessment of chondropathy and the radiological grade r = 0.27 as well as the histological score r = 0.24 was very low. DISCUSSION: In our cohort assessing the early degenerative changes of the lateral compartment as well as the more advanced degenerative changes of the medial compartment, the correlation between the intraoperative assessment of cartilage degeneration as a diagnostic method to examine the lateral compartment and the preoperative radiological grade was not confirmed. Our results failed to confirm a better reporting value of the visual cartilage degeneration assessment of the lateral compartment as against the preoperative X-ray. The space width without narrowing on an X-ray has no reporting value for this compartment in case of varus deformity. CONCLUSIONS: The results clearly indicate that the assessment of macroscopic appearance of the cartilage degeneration during arthroscopy does not necessarily guarantee good long-term clinical outcomes after high tibial osteotomy. The respective degrees of cartilage degeneration identified during the intraoperative visual assessment and the radiological grading of osteoarthritic changes did not correlate in either compartment. In the lateral compartment, the initial radiological and histological findings preceded the visually detectable cartilage changes. KEY WORDS: knee, cartilage, osteoarthritis, radiology, histology, arthroscopy, osteotomy.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika * metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Transphyseal fractures of the distal humerus are usually seen in children younger than 3 years of age and are considered as Salter-Harris Type I epiphysiolysis. Neonatal transphyseal distal humerus injuries are extremely rare. It usually occurs due to trauma during difficult labour but can also be seen after child abuse. Since the distal humerus is composed of cartilaginous tissue in newborns, it is difficult to make a diagnosis with direct radiography. Patients are often diagnosed with elbow dislocation. However, elbow dislocation is almost never seen under the age of 3 years. Transphyseal fractures can be seen as a result of manoeuvres performed to deliver the baby during difficult normal delivery. Transphyseal humeral injuries can also be seen after caesarean section, child abuse and falling on the hyperextended arm. Clinical symptoms include pain, swelling, ecchymosis and crepitation at the elbow. Pseudoparalysis is present due to pain. In children with a history of difficult birth or trauma, evaluation with direct radiography should be performed initially. Radiocapitellar line is distorted on radiographs and the elbow joint appears subluxated. The treatment algorithm for transfusional humeral fractures in neonates is varied. It should be remembered that patients in this age group have a tremendous healing capacity. In conservative treatment, 2-4 weeks of follow-up with a long-arm splint after reduction is sufficient. In addition, closed reduction-internal fixation or open reduction-internal fixation can be applied according to the amount of displacement of the fracture. Cubitus varus, osteonecrosis, growth disturbance, decreased range of motion, compartment syndrome, neurovascular injury and infection are the main complications seen after transfusional humeral fractures.

• MeSH
• fraktury distálního humeru MeSH
• fraktury humeru * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• loketní kloub chirurgie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• poranění lokte MeSH
• porodní poranění novorozence MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study has been to present outcomes after cementless arthroplasty for developmental dysplasia Crowe type IV of the hip, with transverse subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy and using the S-ROM stem. METHODS: We evaluated radiographs, functional scores and complications in a consecutive series of 23 patients (28 hips) with high dislocation of the hip. The average age of patients at surgery was 49.9 (range 22-68) years. The operations were performed between 2007 and 2013. Patients were assessed retrospectively-clinically and radiographically during the year 2018. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 94 (range 60-134) months. The average Harris hip score improved from 39.9 to 84.0. The mean leg length discrepancy decreased from 5 cm preoperatively to 1.4 cm at the final follow-up. All acetabular components were implanted into the true acetabulum, and all prostheses were stable at the latest examination. No neurovascular damage was recorded. We have identified specific complications in seven hips (25%) in total: Intraoperative femoral fracture required fixation in four hips; three hips (10.7%) needed revision: Recurrent dislocation, with the need for cup reorientation, occurred in two hips (in one of them, this was followed by the subsequent need for resection of heterotopic ossification); there was one aseptic stem loosening with the need of one-stage revision. All the osteotomies healed within 8 months. CONCLUSION: Hip arthroplasty with transverse shortening femoral osteotomy, using S-ROM stem, is an acceptable, but not complication-free treatment method in patients with Crowe type IV developmental hip dysplasia, in the midterm.

• Klíčová slova
• Hip dysplasia, S-ROM stem, Shortening femoral osteotomy,
• MeSH
• dislokace kloubu etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kyčelní kloub * diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náhrada kyčelního kloubu * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• nestejná délka dolních končetin etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• osteotomie * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * diagnóza   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   MeSH
• reoperace * škodlivé účinky   metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• výsledky a postupy - zhodnocení (zdravotní péče) MeSH
• vývojová kyčelní dysplazie * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Information on renal function required before specified radiological examinations with contrast agents is usually obtained through prediction equations using serum creatinine and anthropometric data. The aim of our study was to demonstrate discrepancy between poor prediction and good diagnostic accuracy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by prediction equations. METHODS: In 50 patients, reference GFR was measured as plasma clearance of 51-chromium labeled ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic-acid (51Cr-EDTA) and compared with GFR assayed by creatinine clearance (CC) and estimated by Cockcroft-Gault prediction equation (CG). For comparisons, CC and CG were considered as continuous, categorical, and binary variables. Accuracy of the reference GFR prediction was expressed in terms of prediction errors and diagnostic accuracy indices. RESULTS: As continuous variable, CG estimated individual values of GFR with large prediction error exceeding that of CC. As categorical variable, it classified the patient stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with medium diagnostic accuracy of 74% (CKD 3) and 62% (CKD 4). As binary variable, CG classified individual patient's GFR below 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 with good diagnostic accuracy of 80 and 94%, respectively. Performance of other prediction equations did not significantly differ from CG. CONCLUSIONS: Despite large variance and poor prediction accuracy of individual GFR estimates, most of them correctly classified individual patient's GFR below specified level. Results of prediction equations thus should be used and reported exclusively as binary variables, while numerical values of GFR, if required, should be measured by more accurate radionuclide or laboratory methods. KEY POINTS: • Radiological guidelines on contrast media require estimation of glomerular filtration rate to assess kidney function before specified contrast examinations. • Estimated glomerular filtration rate is obtained through prediction equations using serum creatinine and anthropometric data as predictors. • While numerical estimates of glomerular filtration rate are inaccurate (their prediction accuracy is poor), diagnostic accuracy of binary estimates (ability to classify patient's glomerular filtration rate below or above a specified level) is very good.

• Klíčová slova
• Contrast media, Creatinine, Glomerular filtration rate, Kidney function tests,
• MeSH
• chronická renální insuficience krev   diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnoty glomerulární filtrace fyziologie   MeSH
• injekce intravenózní MeSH
• kontrastní látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kreatinin krev   MeSH
• ledviny diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kontrastní látky MeSH
• kreatinin MeSH

INTRODUCTION The authors evaluate the results of endoscopic treatment and analyse the causes of persisting difficulties in retrocalcaneal bursitis unresponsive to conservative treatment. Stated as one of the causes is the possible chronic irritation of minor/partial tears of anterior parts of the distal portion of the Achilles tendon, which have no chance to heal due to continued overload and impingement syndrome of the superior prominence of the calcaneal tubercle. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors evaluate the group of 24 patients (10 women and 14 men) diagnosed with retrocalcaneal bursitis, who reported more than 12 months of difficulties and in whom the conservative therapy options have already been exhausted. The decision to perform a revision arthroscopy was made by the authors based on chronic long-lasting difficulties, clinical examination, calcaneus radiograph, ultrasound examination and negative response to the performed conservative treatment. The MRI scan was obtained in 4 patients. In 11 patients during arthroscopy the Achilles tendon was intact, in 13 patients (54.2%) minor tears were detected on the anterior aspect of the distal Achilles tendon, not diagnosed preoperatively (by ultrasound examination). In all the patients, resection of the prominence of the calcaneal tubercle was performed, whereas in patients with affected Achilles tendon also the loose tendon fragments were resected. RESULTS A total of 23 patients reported an improvement of their condition, the pain subsided at 21-43 days. Altogether 21 patients returned to activities carried out before the onset of pain. The AOFAS score values measured preoperatively in patients with an intact tendon were 59.5 ± 15.0, in patients with an injured tendon it was 45.57 ± 9.6, while 6 months after the surgery the values were 95.7 ± 6.2, or 88.71 ± 7.8 respectively. In 1 female patient, with one prior surgery, diagnosed with a partial tear of the Achilles tendon, the effect of the surgery was unsatisfactory. After six months the patient underwent an open revision surgery and the Achilles tendon reinsertion. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. DISCUSSION The endoscopic technique facilitates a more visible bone resection, with better control of resection, which is less invasive than the open technique. The source of irritation can be removed, which is not always only the prominence of the calcaneal tubercle, but another cause of persisting problems can also be a microtrauma affecting the anterior portion of the Achilles tendon, with a reactive hyperaemia in bursal tissue. Compared to literature and also based on the results of the authors of this retrospective study, the endoscopic calcaneoplasty is less invasive than the open surgery. It is always necessary to properly diagnose the causes of difficulties and to timely respond to persisting symptoms in patients, not responding satisfactorily to conservative therapy. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented by the authors provide a new perspective on the causes of chronic problems such as the "posterior heel pain" and tend to give preference to the active endoscopic approach in patients with persisting problems, not responding to conservative treatment, predisposed based on the radiological examination and with a positive finding on ultrasound or MRI scan. Key words:retrocalcaneal bursitis, endoscopic calcaneoplasty, arthroscopy.

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha zranění   MeSH
• artroskopie * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• burzitida diagnóza   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• patní kost diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• pooperační bolest diagnóza   etiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   MeSH
• reoperace metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

URPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to summarise the current approaches to diagnostics and therapy of the medial meniscus tear, and to evaluate the short-term results of meniscus repair by outside-in and all-inside techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 24 patients who underwent medial meniscus repair for vertical longitudinal tear 10 mm or longer in length localised in the rear two-thirds of meniscus in the red-red or red-white zone at the author's workplace between June 2012 and December 2014. As regards the method, either outside-in or all-inside techniques were used, or the combination of both. The Steadman technique was used in cases of LCA ruptures. Before the surgery standard radiographs of the knee joint of each patient were taken. The Lysholm Knee Score was used to evaluate the function of the knee pre- and postoperatively. The Barrett's criteria were used to evaluate the healing of repaired meniscus. The clinical success was defined as an absence of any of such criteria. The satisfaction of the patients was evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS). The patients were followed up for 13.5 (6-36) months. RESULTS The functional results presented by Lysholm Knee Score demonstrate the improvement of all patients. When comparing the score measured before and after the surgery, this score increased from 67.1 ± 11.4 (24-81) preoperatively to 90.4 ± 13.0 (34-100) postoperatively. The outcome was excellent in 11 patients (45.8 per cent), good in 12 patients (50.0 per cent), and poor in one patient (4.2 per cent). According to the Barrett's criteria, 19 repaired menisci were healed (79.2 per cent) = success rate. In five patients at least one of the monitored criteria was positive. In these cases, the result was considered a failure. Patient satisfaction averaged at 8.0 ± 1.5 (3-10). Only one patient with the concurrent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear with poor functional result, positive Barrett's criteria and VAS 3 agrees with the proposed revision surgery. Regarding possible complications, no neurovascular injury, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or deep infection were reported. DISCUSSION The results presented in this research correspond to the outcomes of other authors, in particular as regards the shortterm follow-up. Other authors state that even the long-term results of Lysholm Knee Score related to meniscus repair are considerably better than the results after meniscectomy. When assessing the Barrett's criteria, the success rate of 79.2 per cent (19 patients) was reached; therefore, the failure rate was 20.8 per cent (5 patients). These results are comparable with the results of other authors whose success rate of meniscus repair ranges between 60 and 90 per cent. Based on the assessment of the VAS patient's satisfaction, the average rate of 8.0 points (3-10) was reached. A similar average rate of the patient's satisfaction amounting to 8.35 ± 1 (6-10) was reached in a similar designated study of Keyhani et al. carried out in 2015. Regarding possible complications, no neurovascular injury, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or deep infection were reported. Similar observation of the low complication rate can be seen in the research studies of other authors. CONCLUSIONS Our short-term follow-up revealed that the postoperative results of Lysholm Knee Score considerably improved, the satisfaction rate of the patients was high and the failure rate is entirely in line with the values stated in literature. The results of our study confirm that in the indicated cases the meniscus repair is an effective method of treatment of vertical longitudinal tears located in both RR and RW zones. The preserved meniscus is considerably supportive to ensure stability of the knee joint, in particular in the event of concurrent rupture of anterior cruciate ligament, and to prevent early osteoarthritic changes. Nevertheless, it is necessary to carry out further randomized clinical studies with a larger number of patients and a longerterm follow-up to confirm our results. Key words:meniscus tear, meniscus repair, outside-in and all-inside technique, evaluation of results.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• kolenní kloub diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• menisky tibiální chirurgie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obnova funkce MeSH
• poranění menisku diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   MeSH
• reoperace * metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• šicí techniky * MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• vizuální analogová stupnice MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the first experience gained with the new type of anatomical symphyseal plates intended to stabilise ruptured symphysis and closely located fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective evaluation was performed in 5 patients who had undergone surgery in the period from July 2015 to the end of 2016 using a new anatomical symphysial plate for pelvic ring injury. In four cases a stabilisation of symphyseolysis was carried out and in one case osteosynthesis of bilateral rami fracture near the symphysis was performed. The posterior pelvic segment was fixed 3 times by iliosacral screws and 2 times by a transsacral bar. All the surgeries in symphysis region were performed via a modified anterior suprapubic approach. A total of 3 men and 2 women with the mean age of 54.6 years (range 19-77 years) were operated. The mean follow-up period of five patients was 12.6 months. Also, preliminary evaluation of postoperative clinical and radiological outcomes was conducted on a very heterogenous group of patients. RESULTS The postoperative radiological outcome assessed by Pohlemann score was excellent in all the cases. After 3-6 months, screw loosening was reported in 3 cases, with no impact on the overall result of the surgery, in one case the symphysis widened 2 mm with simultaneous loosening of two screws, with no impact on the clinical result either. Clinical evaluation of the results was conducted in 4 patients using the Majeed score with the mean follow-up of 12.6 months, the score achieved was 98, 86, 72 and 49 points. In one patient the results could not be evaluated due to concurrent spinal cord injury with quadriplegia. Nonetheless, even this patient has no difficulty in sitting in a rehabilitation wheelchair. No serious intraoperative or early postoperative complications were reported. As regards late complications, one female colostomy patient developed deep infection three months after the primary surgery. DISCUSSION The first clinical as well as radiological outcomes in our small group of patients are comparable to the outcomes of larger groups using multi-hole plates to stabilise the anterior segment, or the application of 2 plates. In agreement with other authors, the new plates can be applied through a less invasive operative approach avoiding the necessity to transect rectus abdominis muscles. The results of earlier biomechanical studies suggest that their strength will equal 2 inserted plates, or will be comparable to multi-hole plates. CONCLUSIONS The first experience with the use of new anatomical symphysial plates are promising. The new types of plates intended for anterior pelvic segment facilitate fixation by screws inserted at two levels. They significantly improve the stability of fixation and can replace the commonly used 2 plates. The only limiting factor of our group of patients is its small size. Comparative weight-bearing tests shall be performed in the future. Key words:symphysis pubic disruption, pelvic ring fractures, pelvic instability, new symphyseal plates.

• MeSH
• fraktury kostí diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• kostní destičky * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nestabilita kloubu * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• pánevní kosti diagnostické zobrazování   zranění   MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   MeSH
• symphysis pubica * zranění   patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury * škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   metody   rehabilitace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Olecranon fractures in skeletally immature patients are rather rare and represent up to 7% of elbow skeletal injuries. Although the majority of olecranon fractures is constituted by undisplaced fractures treated conservatively with good outcomes, a few of them require surgery. The aim of the study was to compare two different approaches of surgical treatment - the open reduction with tension band wiring - cerclage (ORCe) and the closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP). MATERIAL AND METHODS 37 patients (28 boys, 9 girls) were included in the retrospective multicentric study. The patients were treated at two different institutions (the Clinic of Paediatric Surgery, Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the University Hospital Brno and the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology, the University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic). 17 patients underwent the ORCe procedure, while 20 patients were treated using the CRPP method. Different parameters were statistically compared in the groups (demographic data, data concerning the course of the therapy, outcome of the therapy in terms of movements' restrictions and complications such as osteosynthesis failure and infection). RESULTS Both the groups were comparable in terms of demographic data because no statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the age (p = 0.082), the affected site (p = 1.000) and the gender (p = 0.462). Statistically significant difference between these two groups was found in the interval between the implementation and the removal of the osteosynthetic material (p < 0.001) and in the length of cast immobilisation (p = 0.047). The number of patients with movement restriction up to 10° was statistically significantly higher in patients who underwent the CRPP procedure (p = 0.040), but no statistically significant difference was seen between these two groups in terms of movement restriction more than 10° (p = 0.609). One revision surgery was performed in the CRPP group, however with no statistical significance (p = 0.350). DISCUSSION The multicentric study included 37 children, who underwent surgical treatment of a displaced olecranon fracture. Compared to the studies dealing with this topic the number of patients included in this study is relatively high. It advocates the possibility of using the CRPP method as a good alternative to the gold-standard ORCe technique because no difference in terms of the number of revision surgeries and the clinically important movement restriction of more than 10° were seen. It also brings along advantages such as a simple surgical technique, good functional and cosmetic effects, reducing the risk of ischemic insult of growth plate and the possibility of osteosynthetic material removal at an outpatient department with no need for general anaesthesia. The risk of a higher radiation exposure of both the patient and the surgical team should be considered as a disadvantage of the closed method. CONCLUSIONS The mini-invasive CRPP appears to be a good alternative option to the ORCe method for the treatment of isolated olecranon fractures in children offering the advantages such as avoiding extensive open procedure and simple implants removal. Key words:children, olecranon, fracture, tension band wiring - cerclage, percutaneous pinning, elbow.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fraktury humeru diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• kostní dráty MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• loketní kloub * diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• olecranon * diagnostické zobrazování   zranění   chirurgie   MeSH
• otevřená repozice fraktury * škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• poranění lokte * MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   MeSH
• srovnávací výzkum účinnosti MeSH
• uzavřená repozice fraktury * škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• výběr pacientů MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Post-hoc analyses of AFP response and progression and their relationship with objective measures of response and survival were performed in patients from REACH. METHODS: Serum AFP was measured at baseline and every 3 cycles (2 weeks/cycle). Associations between AFP and radiographic progression and efficacy end points were analysed. RESULTS: Median percent AFP increase from baseline was smaller in the ramucirumab than in the placebo arm throughout treatment. Time to AFP progression (HR 0.621; P < 0.0001) and to radiographic progression (HR 0.613; P < 0.0001) favoured ramucirumab. Association between AFP and radiographic progression was shown at 6 (OR 6.44, 95% CI 4.03, 10.29; P < 0.0001) and 12 weeks (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.47, 3.53; P = 0.0002). AFP response was higher with ramucirumab compared with placebo (P < 0.0001). More patients in the ramucirumab arm experienced tumour shrinkage and AFP response compared with placebo. Survival was longer in patients with AFP response (13.6 months) than in patients without (6.2 months), irrespective of treatment (HR 0.457, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with ramucirumab prolonged time to AFP progression, slowed AFP increase and was more likely to induce AFP response. Similar benefits in radiographic progression and response correlated with AFP changes.

• MeSH
• alfa-fetoproteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatocelulární karcinom krev   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nádory jater krev   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
• ramucirumab MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alfa-fetoproteiny MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH

The aim of this retrospective study of 330 rabbits (164 males, 166 females) was to determine different vertebral formulas and prevalence of congenital vertebral anomalies in rabbits from radiographs of the cervical (C), thoracic (Th), lumbar (L) and sacral (S) segments of the vertebral column. The number of vertebrae in each segment of vertebral column, position of anticlinal vertebra and localisation and type of congenital abnormalities were recorded. In 280/330 rabbits (84.8%) with normal vertebral morphology, seven vertebral formulas were identified: C7/Th12/L7/S4 (252/330, 76.4%), C7/Th12/L6/S4 (11/330, 3.3%), C7/Th13/L7/S4 (8/330, 2.4%), C7/Th12/L7/S5 (4/330, 1.2%), C7/Th12/L8/S4 (3/330, 0.9%), C7/Th12/L7/S6 (1/330, 0.3%) and C7/Th11/L7/S4 (1/330, 0.3%). The anticlinal vertebra was identified as Th10 in 56.4% of rabbits and Th11 in 42.4% of rabbits. Congenital spinal abnormalities were identified in 50/330 (15.2%) rabbits, predominantly as a single pathology (n=44). Transitional vertebrae represented the most common abnormalities (n=41 rabbits) in the thoracolumbar (n=35) and lumbosacral segments (n=6). Five variants of thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae were identified. Cervical butterfly vertebrae were detected in three rabbits. One rabbit exhibited three congenital vertebral anomalies: cervical block vertebra, thoracic hemivertebra and thoracolumbar transitional vertebra. Five rabbits exhibited congenital vertebral abnormalities with concurrent malalignment, specifically cervical kyphosis/short vertebra (n=1), thoracic lordoscoliosis/thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae (n=1), thoracic kyphoscoliosis/wedge vertebrae (n=2) and thoracolumbar lordoscoliosis/thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae/lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (n=1). These findings suggest that vertebral columns in rabbits display a wide range of morphologies, with occasional congenital malformations.

• Klíčová slova
• Congenital anomaly, Rabbit, Radiography, Spine, Transitional vertebra,
• MeSH
• bederní obratle abnormality   anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• hrudní obratle abnormality   anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• králíci * abnormality   anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• krční obratle abnormality   anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• křížová kost MeSH
• kyfóza diagnostické zobrazování   veterinární   MeSH
• rentgendiagnostika metody   veterinární   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• skolióza diagnostické zobrazování   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci * abnormality   anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH