The growing consumption of pharmaceuticals in the human population and the insufficient efficiency of their elimination in waste water has a long-term negative impact on the environment of aquatic ecosystems, including the organisms that inhabit them. A significant contributor is the consumption of anti-depressants from the SSRI group, which corresponds to their increasing concentration in the environment. The aim of this work was to determine if antidepressant sertraline is able to be stored in fish organisms and to evaluate the content of residues in various body tissues. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykkis) was selected as the test organism and was artificially exposed to the antidepressant for 1 month (concentrations 0; 4.2; 44 and 400 ng.g-1 sertraline in the feed). Liver, kidney, brain and muscle tissue biopsies samples were taken for analysis. Detection was performed using an Accela 1250 LC pump and an Accela autosampler coupled with a high-performance mass analyzer with a heated electrospray ionization source Q-Exactive Orbitrap, operating in positive ionization mode and in PRM mode (m/z 306.08108->275.03888 and 309.009991->275.03888 for sertraline and internal standard, respectively). The limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 ng.g-1 of sertraline and the calibration curve showed a good linearity up to 20 ng.g-1. From the collected data, amount of residues was found in the liver, kidney and brain. In contrast, the incidence of residues in muscle tissue was not detected in all groups, which is favorable from the point of view of fish meat consumption, by humans.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací * MeSH
- obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
- Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolismus MeSH
- rezidua léčiv analýza MeSH
- selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu analýza MeSH
- sertralin analýza MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu MeSH
- sertralin MeSH
Recent state-of-the-art methods developed for the analysis of polar xenobiotics from different types of biological matrices usually employ liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. However, there are limitations when a small amount of sample mass is available. For example, individual benthic invertebrates or fish tissue samples often weigh less than 100 mg (e.g., brain, liver) but are necessary to understand environmental fate and bioaccumulation dynamics. We developed ultra-fast methods based on a direct sample introduction technique. This included coupling laser diode thermal desorption with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LDTD-APCI-MS). We then quantitated a common selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) in brain tissues of individual juvenile fish after in vivo exposure to environmentally relevant concentration. Two mass spectrometric methods based on low (LDTD-APCI-triple quadrupole (QqQ)-MS/MS) and high (LDTD-APCI-high-resolution product scan (HRPS)) resolutions were developed and evaluated. Individual instrument conditions were optimized to achieve an accurate and robust analytical method with minimum sample preparation requirements. We achieved very good recovery (97-108%) across the range of 1-100 ng g-1 for LDTD-APCI-HRPS. LDTD-APCI-QqQ-MS/MS showed poorer performance due to interferences from the matrix at the lowest concentration level. LDTD-APCI ionization was successfully validated for analysis of non-filtered sample extracts. Evaluation of final methods was performed for a set of real fish brain samples, including comparison of LDTD-APCI-HRPS with a previously validated LC-heated electrospray ionization-HRPS method. This new LDTD-APCI-HRPS method avoids the chromatographic step and provides important benefits such as analysis of limited sample masses, lower total sample volume (typically μL), and reduction in analysis time per sample run to a few seconds. Graphical abstract.
- Klíčová slova
- Ambient ionization, Green chemistry, Juvenile fish, Laser diode thermal desorption, Psychoactive pharmaceutical,
- MeSH
- antidepresiva druhé generace analýza MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- citalopram analýza MeSH
- lasery polovodičové MeSH
- mozek - chemie * MeSH
- Oncorhynchus mykiss * metabolismus MeSH
- potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza MeSH
- selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu analýza MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antidepresiva druhé generace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- citalopram MeSH
- selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu MeSH
