This study examined the impact of sertraline, an antidepressant common in treated wastewater, on the host-parasite dynamics between parasitic freshwater mussel (Unio tumidus, Unionidae) larvae (glochidia) and their host fish (Squalius cephalus, Cyprinidae). Employing a full-factorial design, both fish and glochidia were subjected to sertraline at the combinations of 0 µg L-1 (control), 0.2 µg L-1 (environmentally relevant concentration), and 4 µg L-1 (elevated concentration, short-term exposure of the parasite). The results showed that long-term host exposure (involving intensive sertraline accumulation in the fish brain) marginally increased subsequent glochidia attachment success by 2 %, while parasite exposure at the same environmentally relevant concentrations had no detectable effect. There was also no effect of exposure of glochidia to 0.2 µg L-1 of sertraline on their viability and encapsulation success during the initial parasitic stage. However, a significant alteration in attachment behavior, marked by a 3.3 % increase in attachment success and changes in the glochidia spatial distribution on the host body, was noted after 24 h of glochidia exposure to 4 µg L-1 of sertraline. Importantly, this study provides the first evidence of sertraline transfer from exposed glochidia to nonexposed host fish, as indicated by elevated levels of sertraline (12.8 ng g-1) in the brain tissue of nonexposed hosts. These findings highlight the subtle yet significant effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on freshwater ecosystems but also underscore the importance of understanding the unexpected dynamics of such contamination to predict and address future ecological changes.

• Klíčová slova
• Attachment rate, Ecotoxicology, Freshwater mussels, Glochidium, Host-parasite interaction, Pharmaceutical toxicity, Squalius cephalus, Unio tumidus,
• MeSH
• antidepresiva * MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita   MeSH
• Cyprinidae MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita * účinky léků   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   MeSH
• sertralin * toxicita   MeSH
• Unionidae účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antidepresiva * MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• sertralin * MeSH

Several studies have shown that plants can absorb various micropollutants. The behavior of micropollutants from wastewater treatment plant resources was comprehensively investigated in raised beds in which either a mixture of vegetables or maize was grown. The beds were either irrigated with treated wastewater or enriched with sewage sludge or composted sewage sludge. Over the year, samples of wastewater, water drained from the beds, soils and plants were analyzed. Of the seventy-five analyzed substances, fifty-four, thirty-three and twenty-seven were quantified in wastewater, sewage sludge, and composted sludge, respectively. Alarmingly, approximately 20 % of the compounds from wastewater were also detected in the solutions leached from the beds irrigated with wastewater (e.g., gabapentin, tramadol, sertraline, carbamazepine, its metabolites, and benzotriazoles). In addition, a gradual increase in the content of four substances (telmisartan, venlafaxine, carbamazepine, citalopram) was recorded in these beds. The compounds from both biosolids used for soil enrichment tended to remain in the soils (e.g., telmisartan, venlafaxine, sertraline, its metabolite, citalopram, and its metabolite). Only four compounds (sertraline and three benzotriazoles) leached from these beds. Uptake of some chemicals (e.g., gabapentin, tramadol, carbamazepine and its metabolite, and venlafaxine and its metabolite) and their accumulation in plant tissues was observed mainly in vegetables grown on beds irrigated with wastewater. However, daily consumption values for edible plant parts and individual compounds did not indicate a direct threat to human health. Results of this innovative study show possible risks associated with the use of these resources in agriculture. Of particular concern is the possible micropollutants percolation towards groundwater, including those for which high sorption and thus low mobility in the soil environment is expected, such as sertraline. Soil and crop contamination cannot be neglected either.

• Klíčová slova
• Biosolids, Composts, Human health risk, Pharmaceuticals, contaminants' leaching from soils, contaminants' uptake by plants,
• MeSH
• citalopram MeSH
• gabapentin MeSH
• karbamazepin metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• odpadní vody chemie   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• sertralin MeSH
• telmisartan MeSH
• tramadol * MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid MeSH
• voda MeSH
• zelenina metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• citalopram MeSH
• gabapentin MeSH
• karbamazepin MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• odpadní vody MeSH
• půda MeSH
• sertralin MeSH
• telmisartan MeSH
• tramadol * MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid MeSH
• voda MeSH

Sertraline is an environmental pollutant which received magnified scientific attention due to its global presence in waters. Adverse effects on feeding, reproduction and other traits were observed mostly in unstressed aquatic organisms. Chronic stress, however, induces significant physiological changes, and the effects of sertraline in stressed fish may differ from those observed in non-stressed individuals. The current laboratory study addresses this gap by repeatedly monitoring the individual aggression of chronically stressed juvenile chub (Squalius cephalus L.) using the non-reversing mirror test at an environmental sertraline concentration of 0.022 g/L every three to four days for a period of 39 days. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the level and repeatability of aggressiveness would be (i) correlated with the concentration of sertraline/norsertraline in the fish brain; (ii) linked to the individual brain metabolomic profile described by LC-HRMS analyses; (iii) related to the lunar cycle. Sertraline led to an increase in fish aggression and more repeatable/consistent behaviour compared to control fish. While the level of sertraline in the brain did not correlate with aggressiveness, aggressive responses increased with higher norsertraline concentration. The observed aggressive behaviour also varied depending on the individual metabolomic profile of the brain. The behavioural outcome and metabolic change in fish brain may indicate that sertraline has demonstrated neuroprotective effects by reducing cortisol release. It is possible that fish exposed to sertraline could suffer a blunted stress response under the chronic stressors in the wild. Aggressiveness of both treatments evolved in time, revealing a sinusoid-like pattern corresponding to a lunar cycle with a peak of the aggressiveness during the new moon. There is a need for future studies to focus on this relationship to reveal its details and general validity. Our results emphasize that long-term behavioural variability should generally be taken into account in laboratory behavioural studies.

• Klíčová slova
• Antidepressant, Cortisol, Full moon, New moon, Stress,
• MeSH
• agrese MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita   MeSH
• Cyprinidae * MeSH
• Měsíc MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• sertralin MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• desmethylsertraline MeSH Prohlížeč
• sertralin MeSH

Pharmaceutically active compounds are common and increasing in the aquatic environment. Evidence suggests they have adverse effects on non-target organisms, and they are classified as emerging pollutants for a variety of aquatic organisms. To determine the effects of environmentally relevant levels of psychoactive compounds on non-target organisms, we analyzed cardiac and locomotory activity in early developmental stages of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Responses to sertraline, methamphetamine, and a mixture of citalopram, oxazepam, sertraline, tramadol, venlafaxine, and methamphetamine at a concentration of 1 µg L-1 of each compound were assessed. On day four of exposure, cardiac activity was recorded for 5 min, and on day eight, locomotory activity was recorded for 15 min. There was a significant increase (p < 0.01) in heart rate in methamphetamine-exposed and Mix-exposed juveniles compared to the unexposed control and there was significant difference (p < 0.01) in proportion of time (activity %) was observed with sertraline-exposed, whereas velocity, and distance moved did not significantly differ (p > 0.05) in exposed and control animals. These findings revealed that low concentrations of chemicals and their mixtures can modify the physiological state of aquatic animals without outward manifestations (activity, distance moved, and velocity). Aquatic animals can be impacted earlier than is visible, but effects can potentially lead to substantial changes in populations and in ecosystem processes. Additional research to investigate chemical combinations, exposure systems, and organism physiological and molecular responses may provide evidence of broad impact of environmental pharmaceuticals.

• Klíčová slova
• Aquatic pollutants, Pharmaceuticals, Procambarus virginalis, Sertraline,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * farmakologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• lokomoce MeSH
• methamfetamin * farmakologie   MeSH
• sertralin MeSH
• severní raci fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• methamfetamin * MeSH
• sertralin MeSH

Pregnancy and postpartum period are associated with demanding physical and psychological changes that often lead to the development of psychological disorders. Depression is diagnosed in more than one in six women after childbirth. However, the prevalence of postpartum depression can be much higher because many cases are undiagnosed. In the case of severe depression, the patient is switched to pharmacological treatment, with sertraline being the most commonly used for this diagnosis. A new drug used in the treatment of postpartum depression is brexanolone, which was registered by FDA in 2019. The advantage over conventional therapy is its rapid onset of action. The structure represents the neuroactive steroid - allopregnanolone, which acts as an agonist on the δ-subunit of the GABA receptor and improves the symptoms of postpartum depression. In addition to the registered brexanolone, another steroidal drug, zuranolone, is available in the third phase of the clinical trial. The steroid structure was chemically altered to improve bioavailability and create an oral dosage form. Another synthetic analogue of neuroactive allopregnanolone, known as ganaxolone, did not show a significant reduction in depressive symptoms in the second phase of the clinical trial compared to placebo. Nevertheless, it has great therapeutic potential in the treatment of various types of epilepsy.

• Klíčová slova
• allopregnanolone, brexanolone, ganaxolone, postpartum depression, zuranolone,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurosteroidy * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• poporodní deprese * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• pregnanolon terapeutické užití   MeSH
• receptory GABA terapeutické užití   MeSH
• sertralin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• neurosteroidy * MeSH
• pregnanolon MeSH
• receptory GABA MeSH
• sertralin MeSH

Haemonchus contortus is a parasitic nematode of ruminants which causes significant losses to many farmers worldwide. Since the drugs currently in use for the treatment of haemonchosis are losing their effectiveness due to the drug-resistance of this nematode, a new or repurposed drug is highly needed. As the antipsychotic drug sertraline (SRT) has been shown to be effective against the parasitic nematodes Trichuris muris, Ancylostoma caninum and Schistosoma mansoni, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible effect of SRT on H. contortus. The potential hepatotoxicity of SRT was tested in sheep, a common H. contortus host. In addition, the main metabolic pathways of SRT in H. contortus and the ovine liver were identified. While no effect of SRT on H. contortus egg hatching was observed, SRT was found to significantly decrease the viability of H. contortus adults in drug-sensitive and resistant strains, with its effect comparable to the commonly used anthelmintics levamisole and monepantel. Moreover, SRT in anthelmintically active concentrations showed no toxicity to the ovine liver. Biotransformation of SRT in H. contortus was weak, with most of the drug remaining unmetabolized. Production of the main metabolite hydroxy-SRT did not differ significantly between strains. Other minor metabolites such as SRT-O-glucoside, dihydroxy-SRT, and SRT-ketone were also identified in H. contorts adults. Compared to H. contortus, the ovine liver metabolized SRT more extensively, mainly via desmethylation and glucuronidation. In conclusion, the potency of SRT against H. contortus was proven, and it should be tested further toward possible repurposing.

• Klíčová slova
• Drug repurposing, drug metabolism, drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, nematodes,
• MeSH
• anthelmintika * farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• Haemonchus účinky léků   MeSH
• hemonchóza * farmakoterapie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ovcí * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• sertralin * farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anthelmintika * MeSH
• sertralin * MeSH

The growing consumption of pharmaceuticals in the human population and the insufficient efficiency of their elimination in waste water has a long-term negative impact on the environment of aquatic ecosystems, including the organisms that inhabit them. A significant contributor is the consumption of anti-depressants from the SSRI group, which corresponds to their increasing concentration in the environment. The aim of this work was to determine if antidepressant sertraline is able to be stored in fish organisms and to evaluate the content of residues in various body tissues. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykkis) was selected as the test organism and was artificially exposed to the antidepressant for 1 month (concentrations 0; 4.2; 44 and 400 ng.g-1 sertraline in the feed). Liver, kidney, brain and muscle tissue biopsies samples were taken for analysis. Detection was performed using an Accela 1250 LC pump and an Accela autosampler coupled with a high-performance mass analyzer with a heated electrospray ionization source Q-Exactive Orbitrap, operating in positive ionization mode and in PRM mode (m/z 306.08108->275.03888 and 309.009991->275.03888 for sertraline and internal standard, respectively). The limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 ng.g-1 of sertraline and the calibration curve showed a good linearity up to 20 ng.g-1. From the collected data, amount of residues was found in the liver, kidney and brain. In contrast, the incidence of residues in muscle tissue was not detected in all groups, which is favorable from the point of view of fish meat consumption, by humans.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací * MeSH
• obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolismus   MeSH
• rezidua léčiv analýza   MeSH
• selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu analýza   MeSH
• sertralin analýza   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu MeSH
• sertralin MeSH

Water from wastewater treatment plants contains concentrations of pharmaceutically active compounds as high as micrograms per liter, which can adversely affect fish health and behavior, and contaminate the food chain. Here, we tested the ability of the common carp hepatic S9 fraction to produce the main metabolites from citalopram, metoprolol, sertraline, and venlafaxine. Metabolism in fish S9 fractions was compared to that in sheep. The metabolism of citalopram was further studied in fish. Our results suggest a large difference in the rate of metabolites formation between fish and sheep. Fish hepatic S9 fractions do not show an ability to form metabolites from venlafaxine, which was also the case for sheep. Citalopram, metoprolol, and sertraline were metabolized by both fish and sheep S9. Citalopram showed concentration-dependent N-desmethylcitalopram formation with Vmax = 1781 pmol/min/mg and Km = 29.7 μM. The presence of ellipticine, a specific CYP1A inhibitor, in the incubations reduced the formation of N-desmethylcitalopram by 30-100% depending on the applied concentration. These findings suggest that CYP1A is the major enzyme contributing to the formation of N-desmethylcitalopram. In summary, the results from the present in vitro study suggest that common carp can form the major metabolites of citalopram, metoprolol, and sertraline.

• Klíčová slova
• citalopram, cytochrome P450, environmental toxicology, metabolite formation, metoprolol, sertraline, venlafaxine,
• MeSH
• citalopram metabolismus   MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus   MeSH
• jaterní mikrozomy metabolismus   MeSH
• kapři MeSH
• léčivé přípravky metabolismus   MeSH
• metoprolol metabolismus   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• sertralin metabolismus   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• citalopram MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• metoprolol MeSH
• sertralin MeSH
• venlafaxin hydrochlorid MeSH

The worldwide consumption of antidepressants is raising as well as their concentrations in the aquatic environment. This increases the risk of food chain contamination and bioaccumulation in aquatic biota. The aim of this study was to describe a potential risk of sertraline as a pollutant from water environment, wherein rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been chosen as the test organism, because predatory fish are on the top of the food chain in the aquatic environment. The effects of foodborne sertraline were tested on rainbow trout during a 28-day toxicity test according to OECD 215 method. Sertraline was incorporated in commercial feed at a dose of 4.4 µg/kg (environmental concentration), 42 µg/kg and 400 µg/kg. The results confirmed that sertraline has a significant effect on fish behaviour, resulting in suppression of the escape reflex and increased resistance to stress. Moreover, increased Fultońs condition factor was found in fish fed with the highest concentration of sertraline. Haematological analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the number of neutrophilic bands and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and decreased number of lymphocytes. The results of biochemical examination showed a statistically significant decrease in ammonia and lactate concentrations and histological examination revealed changes in gills and caudal kidney. Although sertraline reduces stress in fish, the decline in nonspecific immunity is a risk to fish population stability.

• Klíčová slova
• Antidepressant, Behaviour, Fish, Haematological profile, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• amoniak MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss * MeSH
• sertralin MeSH
• žábry MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amoniak MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• sertralin MeSH

Pharmaceutically active compounds are major contaminants of aquatic environments that show direct and indirect effects on aquatic organisms even at low concentrations. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the illicit drug methamphetamine and the antidepressant sertraline on clonal marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis. Crayfish exposed to the environmentally relevant concentrations of methamphetamine of ∼1 μg L-1 did not exhibit significant differences from unexposed controls in distance moved, velocity, and activity level with or without available shelter. Sertraline-exposed (∼1 μg L-1) crayfish were significantly more active, regardless of available shelter, and moved greater distances when shelter was available, compared to control crayfish. Crayfish exposed to methamphetamine and sertraline spent significantly more time outside the shelters compared to controls. Sertraline-exposed crayfish spawned more frequently and showed higher mortality than controls. The results suggest that the low environmental concentrations of the tested compounds could alter the behavior and life history traits of crayfish, resulting in higher reproductive effort and mortality.

• Klíčová slova
• Aquatic pollutants, Behavior, Crayfish, Life history traits, Pharmaceuticals, Procambarus virginalis,
• MeSH
• bezobratlí MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita   MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• methamfetamin toxicita   MeSH
• sertralin toxicita   MeSH
• severní raci účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• stadia vývoje účinky léků   MeSH
• vodní organismy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• methamfetamin MeSH
• sertralin MeSH