It is well documented that the polysaccharide glucomannan (GM), an abundant constituent of the fungal cell wall, in the form of particulate induces strong activation of phagocytes, however, the effects of soluble GM are not known. Activation of phagocyte anti-microbial mechanisms is a crucial part of the innate host defense against invading pathogens. However, under uncontrolled inflammatory conditions they contribute to damage of surrounding tissues. Thus, to prevent these deleterious effects, the activation of phagocytes is a tightly regulated process. Therefore, in this study we analyzed the effect of soluble GM on some neutrophil functions such as reactive oxygen species production, degranulation, and receptor mobilization at the plasma membrane. Soluble GM at the tested concentrations did not stimulate oxidative burst of phagocytes directly but significantly potentiated oxidative burst in response to opsonized zymosan particles. GM induced significant phosphorylation of p47phox subunit of NADPH oxidase on Ser345. This priming effect of GM was accompanied by time and concentration dependent degranulation characterized by increased surface expression of receptors stored in neutrophil granules (CD10, CD11b, CD14, CD35, and CD66b). Degranulation was further confirmed by increase of elastase activity in media. Thus, it could be suggested that soluble GM induces priming of phagocytes connected with their degranulation, the increase of surface receptor expression, and potentiation of oxidative burst response to opsonized particles through the activation of NADPH oxidase.

• MeSH
• Candida chemie   MeSH
• fagocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• fosforylace účinky léků   MeSH
• GTP-vázající protein RAC2 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mannany farmakologie   MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• rac proteiny vázající GTP metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační vzplanutí účinky léků   MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• (1-6)-alpha-glucomannan MeSH Prohlížeč
• mannany MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy MeSH
• neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 MeSH Prohlížeč
• rac proteiny vázající GTP MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

Cytokines play a major role in the control of inflammatory responses, participate in the regulation of blood phagocyte activities and as such are used for immunomodulatory therapy. In the present study, the influence of IL-10 on human blood phagocyte activity in the presence/absence of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha was tested in vitro. Our research analyzed the effects of cytokines on the production of reactive oxygen species measured by chemiluminescence and flow cytometry, and on the expression of surface molecules (CD11b, CD15, CD62L, CD31) measured by flow cytometry. IL-10 had no inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species production and the expression of any examined adhesion molecule by resting or stimulated blood phagocytes within 3 h of incubation. Conversely, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 increased reactive oxygen species production and the expression of CD11b and CD15 on both neutrophils and monocytes and decreased the expression of CD62L. These priming effects of the tested pro-inflammatory cytokines were not affected by IL-10. The obtained results suggest that IL-10 does not directly control blood phagocyte activation. These results also provide better information about the contribution of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha to the regulation of blood phagocyte-mediated inflammatory processes.

• MeSH
• antigen Lewis X metabolismus   MeSH
• antigeny CD11b metabolismus   MeSH
• antigeny CD31 metabolismus   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• CD antigeny metabolismus   MeSH
• fagocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• interleukin-10 aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• interleukin-6 aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• interleukin-8 aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• L-selektin metabolismus   MeSH
• leukocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• luminiscenční měření MeSH
• monocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• neutrofily účinky léků   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační vzplanutí účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• rhodaminy chemie   MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigen Lewis X MeSH
• antigeny CD11b MeSH
• antigeny CD31 MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• dihydrorhodamine 123 MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin-10 MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• interleukin-8 MeSH
• L-selektin MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• rhodaminy MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

To predict more precisely the effect of stobadine, a pyridoindole antioxidant agent, in the whole organism, we studied its effect on opsonized zymosan-stimulated free radical generation in whole blood, on superoxide generation in the mixture of PMNL : platelets (1:50), as well as on superoxide generation and myeloperoxidase release in isolated PMNL. Without stimulation, stobadine had no effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and myeloperoxidase release. Stobadine in a concentration of 10 or 100 micromol/l significantly decreased luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence in opsonized zymosan-stimulated whole blood. In concentrations of 10 and 100 micromol/l, it reduced myeloperoxidase release from isolated neutrophils. Stobadine significantly decreased superoxide generation in isolated neutrophils in 100 micromol/l concentration. Its effect was much less pronounced in the mixture of neutrophils and platelets in the ratio close to physiological conditions (1:50). Our results suggest that stobadine might exert a beneficial effect in diseases or states where superfluous ROS generation could be deleterious.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• karboliny farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neutrofily účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační vzplanutí účinky léků   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• trombocyty účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• dicarbine MeSH Prohlížeč
• karboliny MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

Resveratrol, which is a polyphenol present in red wines and vegetables included in human diets, exerts many biological effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate its effect on some activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, particularly the generation of superoxide anion ((O2)(-)) in whole blood, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and nitric oxide (NO) production by isolated cells, and chemotaxis. Resveratrol showed significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on all these activities. In particular, it inhibited O2(-) generation in stimulated but not in resting neutrophils, decreased HOCl much more than O2(-) production indicating an effect on myeloperoxidase secretion since HOCl production is directly and proportionally dependent on O2(-) generation and reduced cell motility. The small dose of resveratrol (4.38 nM) used is attainable with a diet including red wine and vegetables confirming its protective role against some pathological processes such as inflammation, coronary heart disease, and cancer.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakologie   MeSH
• chemotaxe účinky léků   MeSH
• dusitany krev   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• kyselina chlorná krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• N-formylmethionin-leucyl-fenylalanin farmakologie   MeSH
• neutrofily účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• stilbeny farmakologie   MeSH
• superoxidy krev   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiflogistika nesteroidní MeSH
• dusitany MeSH
• kyselina chlorná MeSH
• N-formylmethionin-leucyl-fenylalanin MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• stilbeny MeSH
• superoxidy MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

The authors describe luminometric analysis of neutrophil respiratory burst in microtitre plates. They analyzed the neutrophil luminescence in small volumes of whole blood and in the so-called buffy coat (plasma with leucocytes after removal of erythrocytes by dextran sedimentation). To produce respiratory burst four types of activators were used: opsonized zymosan, phorbol myristate acetate, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe and calcium ionophore A23187. It was revealed that the chemiluminescence response of neutrophils in whole blood and in the buffy coat is very similar in different types of activators, although the chemiluminescence activity of whole blood was always lower as compared with the buffy coat. This was probably due to an increased expression of cell receptors as a result of the separation procedure on the one hand and quenching properties of erythrocytes (haemoglobin) on the other hand. From the assembled results ensues that luminometric analysis in microtitre plates is a reliable protocol for assessment of the neutrophil respiratory burst, whereby assessment in whole blood should be preferred.

• MeSH
• calcimycin farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• luminiscenční měření * MeSH
• N-formylmethionin-leucyl-fenylalanin farmakologie   MeSH
• neutrofily účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační vzplanutí * účinky léků   MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie   MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• calcimycin MeSH
• N-formylmethionin-leucyl-fenylalanin MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

An unusual CD18 monoclonal antibody (mAb) MEM-148 binds, in contrast to standard CD18 mAbs, specifically to peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils activated by various stimuli such as phorbol myristate acetate, opsonized zymosan, heat-aggregated immunoglobulin, and (after priming with lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) also by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. In addition, in vivo activated neutrophils obtained from urine of patients following recent prostatectomy were also strongly positive for MEM-148. On the activated myeloid cells the mAb recognized a 65- to 70-kd protein identified immunochemically and by mass spectrometric peptide sequencing as a membrane-anchored fragment of CD18 (the common chain of leukocyte integrins) produced by proteolytic cleavage. The CD18 fragment originated mainly from integrin molecules stored intracellularly in resting cells, it was unassociated with CD11 chains, and its formation was inhibited by several types of protease inhibitors. Thus, the 65- to 70-kd CD18 fragment represents a novel abundant activation marker of myeloid cells of so far unknown function but possibly involved in conformational changes in leukocyte integrin molecules resulting in increased affinity to their ligands.

• MeSH
• 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• antigeny CD18 chemie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• endopeptidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• epitopy analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• faktor stimulující granulocyto-makrofágové kolonie farmakologie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• imunoglobulin G imunologie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• monocyty chemie   účinky léků   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• myeloidní buňky chemie   účinky léků   MeSH
• N-formylmethionin-leucyl-fenylalanin farmakologie   MeSH
• neutrofily chemie   účinky léků   MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty analýza   imunologie   MeSH
• specificita protilátek MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa farmakologie   MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny CD18 MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• endopeptidasy MeSH
• epitopy MeSH
• faktor stimulující granulocyto-makrofágové kolonie MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• N-formylmethionin-leucyl-fenylalanin MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) might be an important source of host tissue damage. PMNL may be primed by various inflammatory mediators for an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The short-term priming effects of two cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), on rat PMNL in whole unfractionated blood were investigated in the present study. Incubation of PMNL with cytokine alone did not induce the detectable ROS production without addition of a second stimulus-phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan particles (OZP). One-hour incubation with TNF-alpha, or the mixture of TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma resulted in a dose-dependent enhancement of ROS production in response to PMA. Moreover, the incubation with both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha caused a significantly higher increase of ROS production than with TNF-alpha alone. However, no priming effects of IFN-gamma on the PMA-induced ROS production were observed. Finally, none of the cytokines enhanced the total production of ROS upon the stimulation with OZP, although changes in the time course of ROS production were observed. Thus, different signal transduction pathways seem to be involved in PMA- and OZP-induced respiratory burst. Alternatively, partial activation and assembling of NADPH oxidase during cytokine treatment might explain the differences observed between PMA- and OZP-induced ROS production. The results of the present study suggest that IFN-gamma may enhance the priming effects of TNF-alpha. This finding may have implications for understanding the mechanisms by which both cytokines may contribute to PMNL-mediated tissue injury during various clinical conditions, as well as to host defense against invading pathogens.

• MeSH
• interferon gama farmakologie   MeSH
• krev účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• luminiscenční měření MeSH
• neutrofily účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny farmakologie   MeSH
• respirační vzplanutí účinky léků   MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa genetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• interferon gama MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

Lyophilized Enterococcus faecium M-74 was administered to 12 adult subjects in a daily oral dose of 5 x 10(9) bacteria for six weeks. The bacterium temporarily colonized the host intestine and its excretion with stool persisted for five weeks after the last does. The mean levels of serum cholesterol and LDL showed a a biphasic effect--an elevation followed by a sharp decrease (on day 64 of investigation). The decrease corresponded in time with a significant increase in the ability to reduce iodonitrotetrazolium and superoxide production by peripheral neutrophils incubated with zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate, and also with an elevated production of IgG by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hence, intake of E. faecium may have a hypocholesterolemic and immunostimulatory effect. It was also demonstrated that E. faecium significantly reduced the average activity of beta-D-glucuronidase in stools.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• anticholesteremika aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium * imunologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G biosyntéza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoproteiny LDL krev   MeSH
• lyofilizace MeSH
• neutrofily účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• respirační vzplanutí účinky léků   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek účinky léků   MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• anticholesteremika MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• lipoproteiny LDL MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

Cytolytic activity of mineral oil elicited rat peritoneal macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or rIFN-gamma, rIL-2, Zymosan and PMA (4-beta-phorbol-12-beta-myristate 13-alpha-acetate) was detected in the presence of various concentrations of L-arginine. This paralleled the NO2- production in the presence, but not in the absence, of L-arginine. Significant amount of NO2- was detected in the peritoneal macrophages cultured with 0.4 mmol of L-arginine 8 days and the last 24 h with LPS at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. No significant differences were found between activated peritoneal macrophages obtained from normal (healthy) and/or from tumor bearing rats to induce tumoricidal activity and NO2- production under the same experimental conditions. The results showed that the major cytolytic mechanism against BP6-Tu2 and U 937 tumor cell lines is L-arginine-dependent nitrogen oxide synthesis of activated rat peritoneal macrophages.

• MeSH
• aktivace makrofágů účinky léků   MeSH
• arginin farmakologie   MeSH
• dusitany metabolismus   MeSH
• experimentální nádory terapie   MeSH
• imunoterapie MeSH
• interferon gama farmakologie   MeSH
• interleukin-2 farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• peritoneální dutina cytologie   MeSH
• potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
• radioizotopy chromu MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• arginin MeSH
• dusitany MeSH
• interferon gama MeSH
• interleukin-2 MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy MeSH
• radioizotopy chromu MeSH
• rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
• zymosan MeSH

Release of acid hydrolases by blood monocytes (BM) of leprosy patients both before and after 6 months of chemotherapy was measured fluorimetrically. Monocyte cultures were set up for spontaneous as well as zymosan dependent enzyme release measured after 2 hrs and 24 hrs of culture. In the untreated multibacillary group (BL/LL) a significantly higher (P < 0.001) release of both B-glucuronidase (BG) and N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) was observed compared to the paucibacillary group (BT/TT) and healthy controls. On comparing the BT/TT group with controls a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in zymosan dependent NAG release was observed in the former group at 2 hrs culture. After 6 months of antileprosy therapy, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in BG release was observed from BM of multibacillary patients, whereas NAG activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the paucibacillary group compared to the controls. The results of the present study suggest that non-oxidative metabolic status of BM vary within the leprosy spectrum.

• MeSH
• acetylglukosaminidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glukuronidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• lepra krev   farmakoterapie   enzymologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monocyty enzymologie   MeSH
• zymosan farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetylglukosaminidasa MeSH
• glukuronidasa MeSH
• zymosan MeSH