BACKGROUND: Results from the Distal vs Conventional Radial Access (DISCO RADIAL) trial confirmed distal radial access (DRA) as a valid alternative to conventional transradial access, with equally low rates of radial artery occlusion (RAO), yet higher crossovers but shorter hemostasis. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether patient anthropometric measures influence the effect of randomized access on key secondary outcomes. METHODS: DISCO RADIAL was an international, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in which patients with indications for percutaneous coronary procedure using a 6-F Slender sheath were randomized to DRA (n = 650) or transradial access (n = 657) implementing best practices to reduce RAO. The primary endpoint of the trial was incidence of forearm RAO, which was extremely uncommon. Secondary endpoints, including sheath insertion time, radial artery spasm, crossover (failure to obtain access through assigned access site), hemostasis time, and access site complications, were the focus of the current analysis. Regression models (linear for continuous and logistic for binary outcomes) were used to determine whether anthropometric measures (weight, height, body mass index, and body surface area) influenced the effect of randomized access on outcomes. RESULTS: Across tertiles of weight, height, body mass index, and body surface area, both before and after adjustment for sex and age, the main effect of vascular access on radial artery spasm, crossover, hemostasis time, and access site complications remained, with no significant interaction effect. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this exploratory analysis are consistent with the main findings of the trial and support the use of DRA in all patients, regardless of anthropometric measures.

• Keywords
• body mass index, body surface area, distal radial access, height, transradial access, weight,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: During transradial (TR) access, it remains unclear whether differences in baseline patients characteristics and hemostasis care impact the rate of radial artery occlusion (RAO). We sought to compare the rate of RAO after TR access with the 6 French(Fr) Glidesheath Slender (GSS6Fr, Terumo, Japan) or a standard 5 Fr sheath in Japanese and non-Japanese patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Radial Artery Patency and Bleeding, Efficacy, Adverse evenT (RAP and BEAT) trial randomized 1,836 patients undergoing TR coronary angiography and/or interventions to receive the GSS6Fr or the standard 5 Fr Glidesheath (GS5Fr, Terumo, Japan). Out of this study population, 1,087 were Japanese patients and 751 non-Japanese patients. The overall incidence of RAO was significantly higher in Japanese patients (3.6% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.002). Use of GSS6Fr was associated with higher rates of RAO than GS5Fr in Japanese patients (5% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.02) and with similar RAO rates in non-Japanese patients (1.3 vs. 1.1%, P = 1). The mean hemostasis time was significantly longer in Japanese patients (378 ± 253 vs. 159 ± 136 min, P < 0.001) and more Japanese patients had a hemostasis time of more than 6 hr (16.2% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.0001). Longer hemostasis time was an independent predictor of RAO (OR per additional hour 1.070, 95% CI 1.008-1.136, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Use of GSS6Fr was associated with a higher rate of RAO than a standard 5 Fr sheath in Japanese patients but not in non-Japanese patients. Whether improvement in post-procedural care and reduced hemostasis time could impact the incidence of RAO in Japanese patients should be further assessed.

• Keywords
• radial artery occlusion, slender sheath, transradial,
• MeSH
• Radial Artery diagnostic imaging   physiopathology   MeSH
• Arterial Occlusive Diseases diagnostic imaging   ethnology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Asian People * MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Equipment Design MeSH
• Hemostasis * MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Single-Blind Method MeSH
• Coronary Angiography adverse effects   instrumentation   MeSH
• Percutaneous Coronary Intervention adverse effects   instrumentation   MeSH
• Hemorrhage ethnology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Coronary Artery Disease diagnostic imaging   ethnology   physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Catheterization, Peripheral adverse effects   instrumentation   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Vascular Patency * MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Cardiac Catheters * MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Japan epidemiology   MeSH
• United States epidemiology   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Radial artery occlusion (RAO) may occur posttransradial intervention and limits the radial artery as a future access site, thus precluding its use as an arterial conduit. In this study, we investigate the incidence and factors influencing the RAO in the current literature. METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies of RAO in transradial access. Relevant studies were identified and data were extracted. Data were synthesized by meta-analysis, quantitative pooling, graphical representation, or by narrative synthesis. A total of 66 studies with 31 345 participants were included in the analysis. Incident RAO ranged between <1% and 33% and varied with timing of assessment of radial artery patency (incidence of RAO within 24 hours was 7.7%, which decreased to 5.5% at >1 week follow-up). The most efficacious measure in reducing RAO was higher dose of heparin, because lower doses of heparin were associated with increased RAO (risk ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.17-0.76), whereas shorter compression times also reduced RAO (risk ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.05-1.50). Several factors were found to be associated with RAO including age, sex, sheath size, and diameter of radial artery, but these factors were not consistent across all studies. CONCLUSIONS: RAO is a common complication of transradial access. Maintenance of radial patency should be an integral part of all procedures undertaken through the radial approach. High-dose heparin along with shorter compression times and patent hemostasis is recommended in reducing RAO.

• Keywords
• radial artery occlusion, transradial catheterization or access, vascular complications,
• MeSH
• Anticoagulants administration & dosage   MeSH
• Radial Artery physiopathology   MeSH
• Arterial Occlusive Diseases diagnosis   epidemiology   physiopathology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Heparin administration & dosage   MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Odds Ratio MeSH
• Catheterization, Peripheral adverse effects   MeSH
• Punctures MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Chi-Square Distribution MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Vasoconstriction * MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anticoagulants MeSH
• Heparin MeSH