Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues with complex immune response. Neopterin (Np), secreted via activated macrophages, is considered a biomarker of cellular immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of periodontitis and nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Np gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), oral fluid, serum and urine levels were compared in subjects with periodontitis before periodontal treatment, three months after and in a healthy control. Np GCF concentrations in the study group after treatment were significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.038). The GCF total amount (amount of substance) was significantly higher in the study group before periodontal treatment than in the control group (p = 0.001) and higher than the levels taken after treatment collection (p = 0.024). The oral fluid Np concentrations in the study group after treatment were significantly increased compared to the before treatment concentrations (p = 0.020). The same trend was observed in the urine samples. Significant correlation was found between the serum and oral fluid Np concentrations (p = 0.001, ρ = 0.40). Our results confirm the impact of cellular immunity and macrophages on periodontitis and on the resolution of periodontal inflammation. The presence of neopterin in oral fluid most likely originates in the serum.

• Keywords
• macrophages, neopterin, periodontitis,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is an inflammatory disease of the teeth-supporting tissues in which genetic predisposition, dental plaque bacteria, and immune mechanisms all play important roles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of IL-4 gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis and to investigate the association between polymorphisms and cytokines production after bacterial stimulation. Sixty-two subjects (47 CP patients and 15 healthy controls) with detected two polymorphisms in the IL-4 gene (-590C/T and intron 3 VNTR) were examined. Production of cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNFα, INFγ, and VEGF) was studied after in vitro stimulation of isolated peripheral blood by mitogens (Pokeweed mitogen, Concanavalin A), dental plaque bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia), and Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 by the Luminex multiplex cytokine analysis system. The results were correlated with IL-4 genotypes in patients with CP and healthy controls. The mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of CP patients with selected IL-4 polymorphisms significantly altered the production of IFNγ, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-1α, TNFα, and IL-6 after stimulation by HSP 70 or selected bacteria (from P < 0.001 to P < 0.05). IL-4 gene polymorphisms may influence the function of mononuclear cells to produce not only interleukin-4 but also other cytokines, especially in patients with CP.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Cytokines metabolism   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Immune System MeSH
• Interleukin-4 genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mitogens chemistry   MeSH
• Periodontitis metabolism   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic * MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis MeSH
• Prevotella intermedia MeSH
• Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Inflammation MeSH
• Dental Plaque microbiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Cytokines MeSH
• IL4 protein, human MeSH Browser
• Interleukin-4 MeSH
• Mitogens MeSH

Our 10-year study of early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients includes repeated clinical observations, microbiological characteristics and analysis of genetic polymorphism of IL-1A and IL-1B genes. Twenty patients (age 15-26 years) were divided according to the clinical status in the 4th year into a group with mean number of teeth with bleeding on probing (BP) 9.8 and mean number of teeth with periodontal pocket (PP) 2.23, and a group with mean number of teeth with BP 5.37 and no PP. Significantly higher values of mean BP and PP were found among the groups during the study but a strong progression of disease was found only in 3 patients. The risk IL-1A allele-2 and IL-1B allele-2 genotype and bacterial presence were analyzed by DNA hybridization methods. No significant differences of bacteria composition (Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were found between the groups. A higher prevalence of composite IL-1 genotype was detected in the group of EOP patients with progressive disease. Early finding of the disease followed by conservative therapy could positively influence the disease progression. EOP treated in early stages may, but need not, develop into the aggressive form in the presence of risk genotype IL-1.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolation & purification   MeSH
• Bacteria isolation & purification   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Interleukin-1 genetics   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urban Population MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Oral Hygiene MeSH
• Periodontal Index MeSH
• Periodontitis diagnosis   genetics   microbiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic MeSH
• Porphyromonas gingivalis isolation & purification   MeSH
• Prevotella intermedia isolation & purification   MeSH
• Treponema denticola isolation & purification   MeSH
• Dental Health Surveys MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Interleukin-1 MeSH