Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major medical, economic and social problem. The estimated annual number of SCDs is approximately 4 million cases worldwide. Approximately 50% of SCDs are unexpected first manifestations of cardiac disease. The survival rate after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is low even in countries with the most advanced health care systems. It all emphasizes the importance of prevention, in which implantable cardioverter-defibrillators play a dominant role. However, our ability to recognize high-risk patients remains insufficient. Moreover, a declining rate of shockable rhythm as the initial recording has been reported in the last decades. Despite numerous SCD studies and undisputed progress, there are still many unanswered questions.

• Klíčová slova
• implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, mechanism, prevention, risk stratification, sudden cardiac death,
• MeSH
• defibrilátory implantabilní * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• náhlá srdeční smrt etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zástava srdce mimo nemocnici * etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

These guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Cardiac Arrest under Special Circumstances are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the modifications required for basic and advanced life support for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest under special circumstances; in particular, specific causes (hypoxia, trauma, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hypo-/hyperkalaemia and other electrolyte disorders, hypothermia, avalanche, hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, toxic agents), specific settings (operating room, cardiac surgery, cardiac catheterization laboratory, dialysis unit, dental clinics, transportation [in-flight, cruise ships], sport, drowning, mass casualty incidents), and specific patient groups (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological disease, morbid obesity, pregnancy).

UNLABELLED: Diese Leitlinien des European Resuscitation Council (ERC) für den Kreislaufstillstand unter besonderen Umständen basieren auf dem 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. Dieses Kapitel enthält Leitlinien zu den Modifikationen der lebensrettenden Basismaßnahmen und erweiterten lebensrettenden Maßnahmen zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung von Kreislaufstillständen unter besonderen Umständen; insbesondere spezielle Ursachen (Hypoxie, Trauma, Anaphylaxie, Sepsis, Hypo‑/Hyperkaliämie und andere Elektrolytstörungen, Hypothermie, Lawinengeschehen, Hyperthermie und maligne Hyperthermie, Lungenembolie, Koronarthrombose, Herzbeuteltamponade, Spannungspneumothorax, Giftstoffe), spezielle Umstände (Operationssaal, Herzchirurgie, Herzkatheterlabor, Dialyseeinheit, Zahnkliniken, Transport während des Flugs, Kreuzfahrtschiffe, Sport, Ertrinken, Großschadensereignisse) und spezielle Patientengruppen (Asthma und chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankung, neurologische Erkrankungen, krankhafte Adipositas, Schwangerschaft). ZUSATZMATERIAL ONLINE: Die Online-Version dieses Beitrags (10.1007/s10049-021-00891-z) enthält das originale Zusatzmaterial aus dem Artikel in Resuscitation. Beitrag und Zusatzmaterial stehen Ihnen auf www.springermedizin.de zur Verfügung. Bitte geben Sie dort den Beitragstitel in die Suche ein, das Zusatzmaterial finden Sie beim Beitrag unter „Ergänzende Inhalte“.

• Klíčová slova
• Modifications of life support, Reversible causes, Special causes, Special patient groups, Special settings,
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Guidelines on modifiable risk factors regarding cardiological patients are poorly implemented in clinical practice perhaps due to low health literacy. Several digital tools for improving lifestyle and behavioural intervention were developed. Our primary aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital exercise prescription tool on the adherence to physical activity recommendations among patients with cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial will be realized in cooperation with Cardiovascular Health Centres in Eastern Slovakia. Patients recruited through their cardiologists, will be randomised at 1:1 ratio to the three-months' experimental condition or control condition. The experimental group will receive standard lifestyle consultation leading to individually optimized prescription of physical activity. The control group will receive standard, usual-cardio-care lifestyle counselling, also in the domain of physical activity. The digital system will be used for optimized exercise prescription. The primary outcome is a change in the patient's adherence to exercise recommendations. Data will be collected in both groups prior to consultation and after 3 months. DISCUSSION: This study protocol presents background and design of a randomized control trial to investigate the effectiveness of a digital system-provide exercise prescription tool on the adherence to physical activity recommendations. An optimized exercise prescription that better reflects patient's diagnosis, comorbidities and medication can have a significant impact on secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. This trial can provide important evidence about the effectiveness of digital exercise guidance in everyday practice of cardiovascular healthcare. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered on 1st November, 2017 and is available online at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03329053 ).

• Klíčová slova
• Cardiovascular disease, Digital exercise prescription tool, Exercise prescription,
• MeSH
• adherence pacienta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• terapie cvičením * MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH