Chlorhexidine (CHX) and octenidine (OCT), antimicrobial compounds used in oral care products (toothpastes and mouthwashes), were recently revealed to interfere with human sex hormone receptor pathways. Experiments employing model organisms-white-rot fungi Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus-were carried out in order to investigate the biodegradability of these endocrine-disrupting compounds and the capability of the fungi and their extracellular enzyme apparatuses to biodegrade CHX and OCT. Up to 70% ± 6% of CHX was eliminated in comparison with a heat-killed control after 21 days of in vivo incubation. An additional in vitro experiment confirmed manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase are partially responsible for the removal of CHX. Up to 48% ± 7% of OCT was removed in the same in vivo experiment, but the strong sorption of OCT on fungal biomass prevented a clear evaluation of the involvement of the fungi or extracellular enzymes. On the other hand, metabolites indicating the enzymatic transformation of both CHX and OCT were detected and their chemical structures were proposed by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Complete biodegradation by the ligninolytic fungi was not achieved for any of the studied analytes, which emphasizes their recalcitrant character with low possibility to be removed from the environment.

• Klíčová slova
• chlorhexidine, dental hygiene, laccase, ligninolytic fungi, manganese-dependent peroxidase, octenidine, personal care products, quaternary ammonium compounds, recalcitrant pollutant,
• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky lokální metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace * MeSH
• chlorhexidin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• houby metabolismus   MeSH
• iminy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolomika metody   MeSH
• pyridiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• stomatologická péče MeSH
• transformace genetická MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky lokální MeSH
• chlorhexidin MeSH
• iminy MeSH
• octenidine MeSH Prohlížeč
• pyridiny MeSH

White-rot fungi that are efficient lignin degraders responsible for its turnover in nature have appeared twice in the center of biotechnological research - first, when the lignin degradation process started being systematically investigated and major enzyme activities and mechanisms involved were described, and second, when the huge remediation potential of these organisms was established. Originally, Phanerochaete chrysosporium became a model organism, characterized by a secondary metabolism regulatory pattern triggered by nutrient (mostly nitrogen) limitation. Last decade brought evidence of more varied regulatory patterns in white-rot fungi when ligninolytic enzymes were also abundantly synthesized under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency. Gradually, research was focused on other species, among them Irpex lacteus showing a remarkable pollutant toxicity resistance and biodegradation efficiency. Systematic research has built up knowledge of biochemistry and biotechnological applicability of this fungus, stressing the need to critically summarize and estimate these scattered data. The review attempts to evaluate the information on I. lacteus focusing on various enzyme activities and bioremediation of organopollutants in water and soil environments, with the aim of mediating this knowledge to a broader microbiological audience.

• MeSH
• Basidiomycota enzymologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biotechnologie * MeSH
• fungální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí metabolismus   MeSH
• lignin metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u hub MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fungální proteiny MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• lignin MeSH

The ligninolytic fungus Irpex lacteus was shown as an efficient degrader of oligocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; 'polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons') possessing 3-6 aromatic rings in complex liquid media. The strain produced mainly Mn-dependent peroxidase in media without pollutants. Activity of ligninolytic enzymes was higher in a N-limited medium. However, after contamination with PAHs (especially pyrene) the values increased and significant activity of Mn-independent peroxidase appeared in the complex medium. Other factors (such as the increase in nitrogen concentration or the presence of solvent(s) for dissolution of PAHs) had no effect. Cytochrome P-450 was detected in the microsomal fraction of biomass grown in the complex medium. The rate of PAH degradation was also affected by the presence of various combinations of PAHs. However, independently of the enzyme activities, anthracene was shown to have a positive influence on degradation of pyrene and fluoranthene.

• MeSH
• Basidiomycota enzymologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• fungální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• lignin metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fungální proteiny MeSH
• lignin MeSH
• peroxidasy MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH

The effect of enhanced laccase (Lac) activity (obtained after copper addition to cultivation media) on decolorization of azo dye Orange G in two basidiospore-derived monokaryotic isolates of Pleurotus ostreatus was determined. The high Lac-producing isolate efficiently decolorized Orange G. The low-producing isolate showed only poor decolorization ability during cultivation in liquid medium and no decolorization on agar plates containing Orange G after a 25-d growth. A substantial enhancement of Lac activity caused by copper addition into cultivation media was detected in both isolates but, at the same time, the biomass production decreased and decolorization rate was reduced.

• MeSH
• aktivace enzymů účinky léků   MeSH
• azosloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• lakasa metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí metabolismus   MeSH
• měď farmakologie   MeSH
• peroxidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Pleurotus klasifikace   enzymologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• azosloučeniny MeSH
• lakasa MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• manganese peroxidase MeSH Prohlížeč
• měď MeSH
• Orange G MeSH Prohlížeč
• peroxidasy MeSH

The ability to decolorize four synthetic dyes (Phenol Red, Evans Blue, Eosin Yellowish and Poly B411) in five Pleurotus ostreatus strains (a parental strain and four isolates derived from it) was determined. Two of the isolates had markedly higher and other two substantially lower production of ligninolytic enzymes and hydrogen peroxide than the parental strain. Like the parental strain, the higher-producing isolates were able to decolorize all the tested dyes, but not to a higher extent than the parental strain. In contrast, two lower-producing isolates exhibited slow decolorization, which was incomplete even at the end of cultivation. Evans Blue and Eosin Yellowish strongly suppressed the growth of the strains, while Phenol Red and Poly B411 induced none or only a very slight growth reduction.

• MeSH
• barva MeSH
• barvicí látky metabolismus   MeSH
• lakasa MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxid vodíku metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Pleurotus chemie   enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• textilní průmysl MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• barvicí látky MeSH
• lakasa MeSH
• manganese peroxidase MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxidoreduktasy MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• peroxidasy MeSH