Transcription from the chiC promoter, directing expression of the chitinase gene, chiC, in Streptomyces coelicolor, was analyzed using xylE reporter gene and high-resolution S1-nuclease mapping. The transcription from the chiC promoter was induced by chitin, and this induction was dramatically reduced in the S. coelicolor chiR-disrupted strain. This indicated a dependence of chiC expression upon the chiR gene encoding a response regulator protein. To investigate this relationship, the S. coelicolor ChiR was overproduced using Escherichia coli T7 RNA polymerase expression system. However, gel mobility shift-assay with such a purified ChiR showed no binding in the chiC promoter region, which indicates a lack of specific phosphorylation of E. coli overproduced ChiR that is necessary for DNA-binding activity of response regulators.

• MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Chitinases genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases MeSH
• Escherichia coli enzymology   genetics   MeSH
• Transcription, Genetic * MeSH
• Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
• Promoter Regions, Genetic MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial * MeSH
• Restriction Mapping MeSH
• Amino Acid Sequence MeSH
• Base Sequence MeSH
• Streptomyces enzymology   genetics   MeSH
• Transcription Factors * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Bacterial Proteins MeSH
• ChiR protein, Streptomyces MeSH Browser
• chitinase C-1 MeSH Browser
• Chitinases MeSH
• Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases MeSH
• Transcription Factors * MeSH

A bacterial strain producing a great amount of blue pigment during submerse fermentation was isolated and identified. Based on morphological characteristics, cell-wall chemotype and sequence of 16S rRNA gene, the strain should belong to the genus Streptomyces; it had 99.4% homology of 16S rRNA gene sequence with that of Streptomyces indigocolor. The pigment production by the strain was affected by carbon and nitrogen sources. The main components of the pigment mixture (detected by HPLC and TLC) were tentatively classified as actinorhodin-related compounds. The pigment was relatively stable against light and higher temperature but was sensitive to low pH. The preliminary acute-toxicity determination showed that the pigment was nontoxic (LD50 > 15 mg/g).

• MeSH
• Pigments, Biological chemistry   metabolism   toxicity   MeSH
• Cell Wall chemistry   MeSH
• Genes, rRNA MeSH
• Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Soil Microbiology MeSH
• DNA, Ribosomal analysis   MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics   MeSH
• Solubility MeSH
• Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
• Streptomyces classification   growth & development   isolation & purification   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Bacterial Typing Techniques MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Pigments, Biological MeSH
• DNA, Ribosomal MeSH
• RNA, Ribosomal, 16S MeSH

Three hundred and seventy two isolates belonging to the genus Streptomyces were isolated and screened for chitinase production. Streptomyces plicatus was found to be the best producer. The highest chitinase production were incubated for 3 d at 30 degrees C on buffered culture medium (pH 8.0) containing chitin plus sucrose and calcium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources. S. plicatus chitinase had a highly significant inhibitory effect on spore germination, germ tube elongation and radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Altrernaria alternata and Verticillium albo-atrum, the causal organisms of Fusarium wilt, stem canker and Verticillium wilt diseases of tomato. Application of S. plicatus to the root system of tomato plants before transplantation markedly protected tomato plants against the tested phytopathogenic fungi in vivo.

• MeSH
• Alternaria growth & development   MeSH
• Pest Control, Biological * MeSH
• Chitinases metabolism   MeSH
• Fusarium growth & development   MeSH
• Plant Diseases microbiology   MeSH
• Solanum lycopersicum microbiology   MeSH
• Streptomyces classification   enzymology   growth & development   MeSH
• Verticillium growth & development   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Chitinases MeSH