Bacillus is well known for producing a wide range of compounds that inhibit microbial phytopathogens. From this perspective, we were interested in evaluating the biocontrol potential of 5 plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus species (PGPR-Bacillus) on 21 microbial pectinolytic plant pathogens isolated from previous studies. Phytopathogenicity and in vivo biocontrol potential of PGPR curative and preventive treatments were investigated from this angle. Overall, the pathogenicity test on healthy tomato, zucchini, and mandarin showed low rot to no symptoms for all PGPR strain culture treatments. Conversely, zucchini pre-treated with PGPR strains B. circulans and B. cereus for 72 h showed no signs of soft rot and remained healthy when in vitro contaminated with phytopathogens (Neisseria cinerea and Pichia anomala). Additionally, the PGPR-Bacillus strains were shown to be effective in mitigating the symptoms of soft rot in tomatoes, zucchini, and oranges using in vivo curative treatment. It is true that the majority of pectinolytic phytopathogenic strains exhibited antibiotic resistance. In vivo tests revealed that PGPR-Bacillus cell culture was effective against plant pathogens. Thus, PGPR-Bacillus can be considered a potential biocontrol agent for pectinolytic plant pathogens.
- Klíčová slova
- Bacillus, Biocontrol, PGPR, Phytopathogenic pectinolytic,
- MeSH
- antibióza * MeSH
- Bacillus * fyziologie MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců * metody MeSH
- biologická ochrana * MeSH
- Citrus mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- nemoci rostlin * mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pektiny metabolismus MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- vývoj rostlin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana * MeSH
- pektiny MeSH
Halophytes display distinctive physiological mechanisms that enable their survival and growth under extreme saline conditions. This makes them potential candidates for their use in saline agriculture. In this research, tomato (Solanum lycopersium Mill.) was cultivated in moderately saline conditions under two different managements involving Arthrocaulon macrostachyum L., a salt accumulator shrub: intercropping, i.e., co-cultivation of tomato/halophyte; and crop rotation, in which tomato is grown where the halophyte was previously cultivated. The effect of these crop managements was evaluated in tomato plants in comparison with tomato in monoculture, with regards to physiological and biochemical variables and metabolomic and proteomic profiles. Both halophyte-based managements reduced soil salinity. Crop rotation enhanced photosynthesis and protective mechanisms at the photosynthetic level. In addition, both crop managements altered the hormone profile and the antioxidant capacity, whereas a reactive oxygen species over-accumulation in leaf tissues indicated the establishment of a controlled mild oxidative stress. However, tomato production remained unchanged. Metabolomic and proteomic approaches suggest complex interactions at the leaf level, driven by the influence of the halophyte. In this regard, an interplay of ROS/lipid-based signalling pathways is proposed. Moreover, improved photosynthesis under crop rotation was associated with accumulation of sugar metabolism-related compounds and photosynthesis-related proteins. Likewise, acylamino acid-releasing enzymes, a class of serine-proteases, remarkably increased under both halophyte-based managements, which may act to modulate the antioxidant capacity of tomato plants. In summary, this work reveals common and distinctive patterns in tomato under intercropping and crop rotation conditions with the halophyte, supporting the use of A. macrostachyum in farming systems.
- MeSH
- fotosyntéza MeSH
- halotolerantní rostliny * metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- metabolomika MeSH
- proteomika MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- salinita MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum * metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny MeSH
The effects of deficiency of cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), phytochrome B2 (phyB2) and the photoreceptor signalling DET-1 protein (hp-2 mutant) on photosynthesis and pro-/antioxidant balance in Solanum lycopersicum exposed to high-intensity blue light [HIBL, 72 h, 500/1,000 μmol(photon) m-2 s-1] were studied. Noticeable photoinhibition of photosynthesis and PSII was found in all these variants. However, the greatest decrease in photosynthesis and PSII activity was observed in the cry1 mutant. The difference among the other options was less pronounced. This low resistance of the cry1 mutant to HIBL is associated with reduced photosynthetic pigments, phenols, and anthocyanins. It appears that under HIBL, CRY1 and, to a lesser extent, phyB2 are required to maintain photosynthesis and antioxidant defence, mitigating blue light-induced oxidative stress. This study expands our understanding of the defence functions of CRY1 and highlights its importance in adapting the photosynthetic apparatus to HIBL.
- Klíčová slova
- Chl a fluorescence, blue irradiation, high irradiance, photoinhibition, photosynthetic activity, tomato,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- fotosyntéza * účinky záření fyziologie MeSH
- fotosystém II (proteinový komplex) metabolismus MeSH
- kryptochromy * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- modré světlo MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum * účinky záření metabolismus fyziologie genetika MeSH
- světlo * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- fotosystém II (proteinový komplex) MeSH
- kryptochromy * MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny * MeSH
Seaweed-derived bioproducts are increasingly being deployed as an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to crop management under stressful growth conditions including salinity. The bioactivities of seaweed-derived extracts are linked to the presence of diverse groups of bioactive compounds. In the present study, the phlorotannins present in the seaweed Ecklonia maxima and Kelpak®, an E. maxima-derived bioproduct, were quantified and identified. Three phlorotannins were identified in E. maxima, namely eckol, 2-phloroeckol, and dibenzodioxin-fucodiphloroethol. Eckol (589.11 - 822.54 μg l-1) and dibenzodioxin-fucodiphloroethol (85 - 895 μg l-1) were present in Kelpak®. Phlorotannin bioactivity was investigated in tomato seedlings grown under NaCl-induced salinity stress. The seedlings treated with either individual phlorotannins (i.e., eckol or a fraction containing 2-phloroeckol and dibenzodioxin-fucodiphloroethol) or Kelpak® resulted in a reprogramming of biomass allocation as indicated by an increased root-to-shoot ratio. Phlorotannin and Kelpak® treatments induced the accumulation of antioxidants with an attendant augmentation of the antioxidant capacities and inhibition of membrane damage in the NaCl-stressed seedlings. Kelpak® treatment induced an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and phlorotannin treatments lowered the ABA content of the stressed seedlings. These results demonstrated that phlorotannins contributed to the ameliorative actions of Kelpak®. The more potent effects of Kelpak®, in comparison to phlorotannins, in improving dry matter accumulation, ABA content, antioxidative properties, and inhibiting tissue injury of the salt-stressed tomato seedlings may be attributed to the presence of other bioactive components in the Kelpak® product.
- Klíčová slova
- 2-Phloroeckol, Dibenzodioxin-fucodiphloroethol, Eckol, Kelpak®, Salinity stress, Seaweed biostimulants,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia * metabolismus MeSH
- dioxiny metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- mořské řasy metabolismus MeSH
- Phaeophyceae * fyziologie MeSH
- semenáček účinky léků růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum účinky léků metabolismus růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- solný stres * účinky léků MeSH
- taniny * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia * MeSH
- dioxiny MeSH
- eckol MeSH Prohlížeč
- taniny * MeSH
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation process, has emerged as a crucial innate immune response against various plant pathogens, including viruses. Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is a highly destructive plant pathogen that infects over 1000 plant species and poses a significant threat to global food security. However, the role of autophagy in defence against the TSWV pathogen, and whether the virus counteracts this defence, remains unknown. In this study, we report that autophagy plays an important role in antiviral defence against TSWV infection; however, this autophagy-mediated defence is counteracted by the viral effector NSs. Transcriptome profiling revealed the up-regulation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) upon TSWV infection. Blocking autophagy induction by chemical treatment or knockout/down of ATG5/ATG7 significantly enhanced TSWV accumulation. Notably, the TSWV nucleocapsid (N) protein, a major component of the viral replication unit, strongly induced autophagy. However, the TSWV nonstructural protein NSs was able to effectively suppress N-induced autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that NSs inhibited ATG6-mediated autophagy induction. These findings provide new insights into the defence role of autophagy against TSWV, a representative segmented negative-strand RNA virus, as well as the tospoviral pathogen counterdefence mechanism.
- Klíčová slova
- TSWV, antiviral defence, autophagy, counterdefence, nonstructural protein NSs, nucleocapsid protein,
- MeSH
- autofagie * MeSH
- nemoci rostlin * virologie imunologie MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum virologie imunologie genetika MeSH
- tabák virologie imunologie genetika MeSH
- Tospovirus * fyziologie patogenita MeSH
- virové nestrukturální proteiny metabolismus genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- virové nestrukturální proteiny MeSH
Nitrogen deficiency in low organic matter soils significantly reduces crop yield and plant health. The effects of foliar applications of indole acetic acid (IAA), trehalose (TA), and nanoparticles-coated urea (NPCU) on the growth and physiological attributes of tomatoes in nitrogen-deficient soil are not well documented in the literature. This study aims to explore the influence of IAA, TA, and NPCU on tomato plants in nitrogen-deficient soil. Treatments included control, 2mM IAA, 0.1% TA, and 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA, applied with and without NPCU. Results showed that 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU significantly improved shoot length (~ 30%), root length (~ 63%), plant fresh (~ 48%) and dry weight (~ 48%), number of leaves (~ 38%), and leaf area (~ 58%) compared to control (NPCU only). Additionally, significant improvements in chlorophyll content, total protein, and total soluble sugar, along with a decrease in antioxidant activity (POD, SOD, CAT, and APX), validated the effectiveness of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU. The combined application of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU can be recommended as an effective strategy to enhance tomato growth and yield in nitrogen-deficient soils. This approach can be integrated into current agricultural practices to improve crop resilience and productivity, especially in regions with poor soil fertility. To confirm the efficacy of 2mM IAA + 0.1% TA with NPCU in various crops and climatic conditions, additional field studies are required.
- Klíčová slova
- Antioxidant activity, Growth attributes, Indole acetic acid, Nanoparticles, Tomato, Trehalose,
- MeSH
- dusík * metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové * farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin růst a vývoj účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- močovina * MeSH
- nanočástice chemie MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum * růst a vývoj účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- trehalosa * farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík * MeSH
- indoleacetic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- kyseliny indoloctové * MeSH
- močovina * MeSH
- oxid zinečnatý * MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- trehalosa * MeSH
The REQUIRED FOR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZATION1 (RAM1) transcription factor from the GRAS family is well known for its role as a master regulator of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species, being essential in transcriptional reprogramming for the development and functionality of the arbuscules. In tomato, SlGRAS27 is the putative orthologue of RAM1 (here named SlRAM1), but has not yet been characterized. A reduced colonization of the root and impaired arbuscule formation were observed in SlRAM1-silenced plants, confirming the functional conservation of the RAM1 orthologue in tomato. However, unexpectedly, SlRAM1-overexpressing (UBIL:SlRAM1) plants also showed decreased mycorrhizal colonization. Analysis of non-mycorrhizal UBIL:SlRAM1 roots revealed an overall regulation of AM-related genes and a reduction of strigolactone biosynthesis. Moreover, external application of the strigolactone analogue GR244DO almost completely reversed the negative effects of SlRAM1 overexpression on the frequency of mycorrhization. However, it only partially recovered the pattern of arbuscule distribution observed in control plants. Our results strongly suggest that SlRAM1 has a dual regulatory role during mycorrhization and, in addition to its recognized action as a positive regulator of arbuscule development, it is also involved in different mechanisms for the negative regulation of mycorrhization, including the repression of strigolactone biosynthesis.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza, GRAS, RAM1, strigolactones, tomato, transcriptional regulation,
- MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie metabolismus genetika MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum * mikrobiologie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- transkripční faktory * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- rostlinné proteiny * MeSH
- transkripční faktory * MeSH
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) typically provide a wide range of nutritional benefits to their host plants, and their role in plant water uptake, although still controversial, is often cited as one of the hallmarks of this symbiosis. Less attention has been dedicated to other effects relating to water dynamics that the presence of AMF in soils may have. Evidence that AMF can affect soil hydraulic properties is only beginning to emerge. In one of our recent experiments with dwarf tomato plants, we serendipitously found that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis 'PH5') can slightly but significantly reduce water holding capacity (WHC) of the substrate (a sand-zeolite-soil mixture). This was further investigated in a subsequent experiment, but there we found exactly the opposite effect as mycorrhizal substrate retained more water than did the non-mycorrhizal substrate. Because the same substrate was used and other conditions were mostly comparable in the two experiments, we explain the contrasting results by different substrate compaction, most likely caused by different pot shapes. It seems that in compacted substrates, AMF may have no effect upon or even decrease the substrates' WHC. On the other hand, the AMF hyphae interweaving the pores of less compacted substrates may increase the capillary movement of water throughout such substrates and cause slightly more water to remain in the pores after the free water has drained. We believe that this phenomenon is worthy of mycorrhizologists' attention and merits further investigation as to the role of AMF in soil hydraulic properties.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Irrigation, Pot shape, Sand–zeolite–soil mixture, Tomato, Water holding capacity,
- MeSH
- Glomeromycota fyziologie MeSH
- houby MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- voda * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- půda * MeSH
- voda * MeSH
Strigolactones are a class of phytohormones with various functions in plant development, stress responses, and in the interaction with (micro)organisms in the rhizosphere. While their effects on vegetative development are well studied, little is known about their role in reproduction. We investigated the effects of genetic and chemical modification of strigolactone levels on the timing and intensity of flowering in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and the molecular mechanisms underlying such effects. Results showed that strigolactone levels in the shoot, whether endogenous or exogenous, correlate inversely with the time of anthesis and directly with the number of flowers and the transcript levels of the florigen-encoding gene SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT) in the leaves. Transcript quantifications coupled with metabolite analyses demonstrated that strigolactones promote flowering in tomato by inducing the activation of the microRNA319-LANCEOLATE module in leaves. This, in turn, decreases gibberellin content and increases the transcription of SFT. Several other floral markers and morpho-anatomical features of developmental progression are induced in the apical meristems upon treatment with strigolactones, affecting floral transition and, more markedly, flower development. Thus, strigolactones promote meristem maturation and flower development via the induction of SFT both before and after floral transition, and their effects are blocked in plants expressing a miR319-resistant version of LANCEOLATE. Our study positions strigolactones in the context of the flowering regulation network in a model crop species.
- Klíčová slova
- LANCEOLATE, flowering, miR319, strigolactones, tomato,
- MeSH
- gibereliny metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- květy * účinky léků růst a vývoj metabolismus genetika MeSH
- laktony * metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- mikro RNA * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin * účinky léků MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny metabolismus genetika MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum * genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- gibereliny MeSH
- laktony * MeSH
- mikro RNA * MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny MeSH
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant tolerance and/or resistance to pests such as the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. However, the ameliorative effects may depend on AMF species. The aim of this work was therefore to evaluate whether four AMF species differentially affect plant performance in response to M. incognita infection. Tomato plants grown in greenhouse conditions were inoculated with four different AMF isolates (Claroideoglomus claroideum, Funneliformis mosseae, Gigaspora margarita, and Rhizophagus intraradices) and infected with 100 second stage juveniles of M. incognita at two different times: simultaneously or 2 weeks after the inoculation with AMF. After 60 days, the number of galls, egg masses, and reproduction factor of the nematodes were assessed along with plant biomass, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen concentrations in roots and shoots and root colonization by AMF. Only the simultaneous nematode inoculation without AMF caused a large reduction in plant shoot biomass, while all AMF species were able to ameliorate this effect and improve plant P uptake. The AMF isolates responded differently to the interaction with nematodes, either increasing the frequency of vesicles (C. claroideum) or reducing the number of arbuscules (F. mosseae and Gi. margarita). AMF inoculation did not decrease galls; however, it reduced the number of egg masses per gall in nematode simultaneous inoculation, except for C. claroideum. This work shows the importance of biotic stress alleviation associated with an improvement in P uptake and mediated by four different AMF species, irrespective of their fungal root colonization levels and specific interactions with the parasite.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Biological control, Plant nutrition, Root knot nematodes,
- MeSH
- Glomeromycota * fyziologie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- Solanum lycopersicum * MeSH
- Tylenchoidea * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
