The complexities of non-target effects of registered pesticides on biocontrol agents (BCAs) hinder the optimization of integrated pest management programs in agriculture. The wealth of literature on BCA-pesticide compatibility allows for the investigation of factors influencing BCA susceptibility and the generalized impacts of different pesticides. We conducted a meta-analysis using 2088 observations from 122 published articles to assess non-target effects on two phytoseiid species (Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis), a parasitoid (Encarsia formosa), and two microbial BCAs (Trichoderma harzianum and Metarhizium anisopliae). We explored the contributions of bioassay factors (exposure duration, temperature, test methods, mode of actions (MOA), and type of pesticide), and simulated effects of compatibility on target pests. MOA groups 21 and 6 were the most harmful to predatory mites and E. formosa, increasing mortality during pesticide-BCA compatibility. Exposure duration, temperature, and test methods were identified as the most influential factors increasing mortality in phytoseiids during pesticide exposure. Insecticides and fungicides were the most represented and harmful groups to BCAs. Although most bioassays were conducted at room temperature, temperatures between 21 and 22 °C were the most harmful to phytoseiids and E. formosa during toxicity assays. Exposure durations of 1-3 days (54-85 %) for predators/parasitoids and 1-5 days (>50 %) for microbial BCAs highlight the lack of data on long-term impacts. In assessing pesticide impacts on target pests, pesticides with compatible concentrations above mean LC50 values were more effective. This study not only identified compatibility trends but also highlighted factors responsible for discrepancies in results and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed.
- Klíčová slova
- Biocontrol agents, Compatibility, Neoseiulus californicus, Pesticides, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Trichoderma,
- MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- biologická ochrana farmakologie MeSH
- insekticidy farmakologie MeSH
- Metarhizium účinky léků MeSH
- pesticidy * farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- roztoči účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- insekticidy MeSH
- pesticidy * MeSH
AIMS: The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is the most widespread insect pest that causes major economic losses, especially on potatoes. Due to heavy insecticide use, this species now resists most pesticides, posing a significant control challenge. Frequent pesticide application also harms non-target organisms, the environment, and human health. Hence, utilizing biocontrol agents like entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) offers a viable alternative for pest management. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize new EPF strains isolated from soil samples and evaluate their efficacy against adult L. decemlineata under laboratory conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples were collected in potato fields or uncultivated areas adjacent to the field in the Czech Republic and the EPF strains were isolated using a modified Tenebrio bait method. A total of 20 fungal strains were isolated and identified using morphological and molecular markers based on the 28S rRNA, ITS, and elongation factor 1-alpha gene sequences as Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill., Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch, and Cordyceps fumosorosea (Wize) Kepler, B. Shrestha & Spatafora (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae), Metarhizium brunneum (Petch), and Metarhizium robertsii Bisch., Rehner & Humber (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). The bioassays revealed high variability among virulence of these strains against L. decemlineata with the shortest median time to death (LT50 = 5 days) in M. robertsii strain MAN3b. CONCLUSIONS: Results shown that some EPF strains, particularly those of genera Metarhizium, can be promising biocontrol agents against the Colorado potato beetle.
- Klíčová slova
- Beauveria, Cordyceps, Metarhizium, Chrysomelidae, biological pest control, genetic analysis, virulence,
- MeSH
- Beauveria * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců * MeSH
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- brouci * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Metarhizium * genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- Solanum tuberosum * mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
Three endophytic bacteria, namely BvV, BvP and BvL, were newly isolated from the root nodules of bean, pea and lentil plants respectively cultivated in Mascara the northwest of Algeria, and identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing as Brevundimonas naejangsanensis. These strains were able to produce hydrolytic enzymes and hydrogen cyanide. All strains produced a growth-promoting hormone, indole acetic acid, varying in concentration from 83.2 to 171.7 µg/mL. The phosphate solubilizing activity of BvV, BvP and BvL varied from 25.5 to 42.02 µg/mL for tricalcium phosphate. The three antagonistic Brevundimonas spp. showed in vitro the most inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of Fusarium redolens FRC (from 78.33 to 85.55%). Strain BvV, BvP and BvL produced also volatile metabolites which inhibited mycelial FRC growth up to 39.2%. All strains showed significant disease reduction in pot experiments. Chickpea Fusarium yellows severity caused by FRC was reduced significantly from 89.3 to 96.6% in the susceptible cultivar ILC 482 treated with antagonistic B. naejangsanensis. The maximum stimulatory effect on chickpea plants growth was observed by inoculation of strain BvV. This treatment resulted in a 7.40-26.21% increase in shoot height as compared to the control plants. It is concluded that the endophytic bacterial strains of B. naejangsanensis having different plant growth promoting (PGP) activities can be considered as beneficial microbes for sustainable agriculture. To our knowledge, this is the first report to use B. naejangsanensis strains as a new biocontrol agent against F. redolens, a new pathogen of chickpea plants causing Fusarium yellows disease in Algeria.
- Klíčová slova
- Brevundimonas naejangsanensis, Fusarium redolens, Antagonistic activities, Biocontrol, Plant growth promoting,
- MeSH
- antibióza * MeSH
- biologická ochrana farmakologie MeSH
- Burkholderiales genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Cicer * mikrobiologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- endofyty izolace a purifikace genetika klasifikace fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- fosfáty metabolismus MeSH
- Fusarium * růst a vývoj fyziologie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci rostlin * mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Alžírsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- fosfáty MeSH
- indoleacetic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * MeSH
The study aimed to assess the potential of phyllospheric bacterial strains isolated from cauliflower plants as biocontrol agents against black rot disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, through both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. A total of 46 bacterial strains were isolated from healthy and infected cauliflower leaves of both resistant and susceptible plants, and evaluated them for various traits, including plant growth-promoting activities and in vitro antagonistic activity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Further, a pot experiment was conducted with the susceptible cauliflower genotype (Pusa Sharad) and 10 selected phyllospheric bacterial isolates to assess their biocontrol efficacy against the disease. The results showed that 82.60% of phyllospheric bacterial isolates were positive for phosphate solubilization, 63.04% for ammonia production, 58.69% for HCN production, 36.95% for siderophore production, and 78.26% had the capacity to produce IAA. Out of the 46 isolates, 23 exhibited in vitro antagonistic activity against X. campestris pv. campestris and 10 isolates were selected for a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions based on their good plant growth-promoting activities and antagonistic assay. The results revealed that bacterial isolate CFLB-27 exhibited the highest biocontrol efficiency (65.41%), followed by CFLB-24 (58.30%), CFLB-31 (47.11%), and CFLB-26 (46.03%). These four isolates were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens CFLB-27, Bacillus velezensis CFLB-24, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CFLB-31, and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila CFLB-26. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of phyllospheric bacteria as an effective tool for disease management in sustainable agriculture.
- Klíčová slova
- Pseudomonas fluorescens CFLB-27, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Biocontrol efficiency, Black rot, Phyllospheric bacterial isolates,
- MeSH
- antibióza * MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace izolace a purifikace genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- Brassica * mikrobiologie MeSH
- listy rostlin * mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin * mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Xanthomonas campestris * genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
The success of the mollusc-parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Schneider) Andrássy (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), as a biological control agent in Europe has led to worldwide interest in phasmarhabditids as biocontrol agents. In this study, the mass culture potential of three phasmarhabditids, namely Phasmarhabditis papillosa, Phasmarhabditis kenyaensis and Phasmarhabditis bohemica, was assessed. In addition, ten bacterial candidates, consisting of seven associated with slugs and three associated with entomopathogenic nematodes, were investigated. The bacteria were tested for their ability to cause mortality to Deroceras invadens, as well as to support nematode growth. Initial mortality studies demonstrated that Kluyvera, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas spp. (AP3) caused 100% mortality when they were injected into the haemocoel of D. invadens. However, in growth studies, Pseudomonas sp. (AP4) was found to be the most successful bacterium, leading to recovery and reproduction in almost all nematode species, except for P. kenyaensis. In flask studies, P. bohemica, which showed exceptional growth with Pseudomonas sp. (AP1), was chosen for further investigation. The effect of inoculating flasks with different concentrations of Pseudomonas sp. (AP1), as well as with different concentrations of P. bohemica, was evaluated by assessing the nematode populations for 14 days. The results indicated that the lowest, 1% (v/v), bacteria inoculation led to higher total nematode and to infective juvenile (IJ) yield, with flasks with the highest IJ inoculum (3000 IJs/ml) having a positive effect on the total number of nematodes and IJs in cultures of P. bohemica. This study presents improvements for the mass-culturing of nematodes associated with molluscs.
- Klíčová slova
- Phasmarhabditis, bacteria, infective juveniles, mass production, pathogenicity,
- MeSH
- biologická kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- měkkýši parazitologie MeSH
- plži * parazitologie MeSH
- Rhabditida * MeSH
- Rhabditoidea * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
The success of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Schneider) Andrássy (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) as a biological control agent of molluscs has led to a worldwide interest in phasmarhabditids. However, scant information is available on the lifecycle development of species within the genus. In the current study, the development of P. hermaphrodita, Phasmarhabditis papillosa, Phasmarhabditis bohemica and Phasmarhabditis kenyaensis were studied using ex vivo cultures, in order to improve our understanding of their biology. Infective juveniles (IJs) of each species were added to 1 g of defrosted homogenized slug cadavers of Deroceras invadens and the development monitored after inoculated IJ recovery, over a period of eight-ten days. The results demonstrated that P. bohemica had the shortest development cycle and that it was able to produce first-generation IJs after eight days, while P. hermaphrodita, P. papillosa and P. kenyaensis took ten days to form a new cohort of IJs. However, from the perspective of mass rearing, P. hermaphrodita has an advantage over the other species in that it is capable of forming self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, whereas both males and females are required for the reproduction of P. papillosa, P. bohemica and P. kenyaensis. The results of the study contribute to the knowledge of the biology of the genus and will help to establish the in vitro liquid cultures of different species of the genus.
- Klíčová slova
- Deroceras invadens, Phasmarhabditis, life cycle, mollusc, nematode,
- MeSH
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měkkýši MeSH
- plži * MeSH
- Rhabditida * MeSH
- Rhabditoidea * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) is an efficient predatory biological control agent used throughout the Mediterranean Basin in tomato crops but regarded as a pest in northern European countries. From the family Miridae, it is an economically important insect yet very little is known in terms of genetic information and no genomic or transcriptomic studies have been published. Here, we use a linked-read sequencing strategy on a single female N. tenuis. From this, we assembled the 355 Mbp genome and delivered an ab initio, homology-based and evidence-based annotation. Along the way, the bacterial "contamination" was removed from the assembly. In addition, bacterial lateral gene transfer (LGT) candidates were detected in the N. tenuis genome. The complete gene set is composed of 24 688 genes; the associated proteins were compared to other hemipterans (Cimex lectularis, Halyomorpha halys and Acyrthosiphon pisum). We visualized the genome using various cytogenetic techniques, such as karyotyping, CGH and GISH, indicating a karyotype of 2n = 32. Additional analyses include the localization of 18S rDNA and unique satellite probes as well as pooled sequencing to assess nucleotide diversity and neutrality of the commercial population. This is one of the first mirid genomes to be released and the first of a mirid biological control agent.
- Klíčová slova
- Hemiptera, biocontrol, linked-read,
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetika MeSH
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- genom hmyzu MeSH
- Heteroptera genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- přenos genů horizontální MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
This work aimed to evaluate in vitro antagonistic activities and mechanisms of endophytic yeasts against phytopathogenic fungi. A total of 407 yeast strains isolated from tissue of rice, corn, and sugarcane leaves were evaluated for their antagonistic activities against ten phytopathogenic fungi. Only strains of Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Kodamaea ohmeri were found to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Wickerhamomyces anomalus (seven strains) showed antagonistic activity against Curvularia lunata (cause of dirty panicle disease of rice), three Fusarium moniliforme strains (cause of bakanae disease of rice, stalk rot disease of corn, and red rot disease of sugarcane), and Rhizoctonia solani (cause of sheath blight disease of rice). Whereas four Kodamae ohmeri strains inhibited growth of F. moniliforme (cause of bakanae disease of rice). Antagonistic mechanisms of W. anomalus were based on the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (mainly 3-methyl-1-butyl acetate and 3-methyl-1-butanol), fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes (β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase), and siderophores as well as phosphate and zinc oxide solubilization. As for K. ohmeri, the production of VOCs (mainly 3-methyl-1-butanol), β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase were hypothesized as possible mechanisms. The antagonistic activity of W. anomalus against these phytopathogenic fungi and of K. ohmeri against F. moniliforme, and the analysis of the VOCs produced by K. ohmeri are reported for the first time. Two W. anomalus strains, DMKU-RE13 and DMKU-CE52, were evaluated for controlling rice sheath blight disease caused by R. solani in rice plants in the greenhouse and found to suppress the disease 55.2-65.1%, whereas 3% validamycin suppressed this disease by 88.5%.
- MeSH
- antibióza * MeSH
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- endofyty izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- houby růst a vývoj patogenita MeSH
- kvasinky izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- listy rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin ekonomika mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zemědělské plodiny ekonomika mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Thajsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
There are increasing efforts to identify biocontrol-active microbial metabolites in order to improve strategies for biocontrol of phytopathogens. In this work, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans was confronted with three different biocontrol agents: Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dual culture bioassays. Metabolites produced during the microbial interactions were screened by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). T. harzianum exhibited the strongest inhibition of growth of F. oxysporum resulting in overlay of the pathogen colony with its mycelium. Recorded metabolite profiles suggested a direct attack of F. oxysporum mycelium by T. harzianum and B. amyloliquefaciens by means of membrane-attacking peptaibols and a set of antimicrobial lipopeptides and siderophores, respectively. The direct mode of the biocontrol activity of T. harzianum and B. amyloliquefaciens corresponded to their ability to suppress F. oxysporum production of mycotoxin beauvericin suggesting that this ability is not specific only for Trichoderma species. In the case of P. aeruginosa, siderophores pyoverdine E/D and two rhamnolipids were produced as major bacterial metabolites; the rhamnolipid production was blocked by F. oxysporum. The results showed that this type of biocontrol activity was the least effective against F. oxysporum. The effective application of MALDI-MS profiling to the screening of nonvolatile microbial metabolites produced during the interaction of the phytopathogen and the biocontrol microorganisms was demonstrated.
- MeSH
- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- biologická ochrana * MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Fusarium růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- glykolipidy metabolismus MeSH
- kokultivační techniky MeSH
- metabolomika MeSH
- mikrobiální interakce MeSH
- mycelium růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- mykotoxiny metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- siderofory metabolismus MeSH
- Trichoderma metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana * MeSH
- glykolipidy MeSH
- mykotoxiny MeSH
- rhamnolipid MeSH Prohlížeč
- siderofory MeSH
Insect phenology is affected by climate change and main responses are driven by phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary changes. Any modification in seasonal activity in one species can have consequences on interacting species, within and among trophic levels. In this overview, we focus on synchronisation mismatches that can occur between tightly interacting species such as hosts and parasitoids or preys and predators. Asynchronies happen because species from different trophic levels can have different response rates to climate change. We show that insect species alter their seasonal activities by modifying their life-cycle through change in voltinism or by altering their development rate. We expect strong bottom-up effects for phenology adjustments rather than top-down effects within food-webs. Extremely complex outcomes arise from such trophic mismatches, which make consequences at the community or ecosystem levels tricky to predict in a climate change context. We explore a set of potential consequences on population dynamics, conservation of species interactions, with a particular focus on the provision of ecosystem services by predators and parasitoids, such as biological pest control.
- MeSH
- biologická ochrana MeSH
- hmyz parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
- klimatické změny * MeSH
- populační dynamika MeSH
- potravní řetězec MeSH
- predátorské chování * MeSH
- roční období * MeSH
- stadia vývoje MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologická ochrana MeSH
