Recently, numerous polymer materials have been employed as drug carrier systems in medicinal research, and their detailed properties have been thoroughly evaluated. Water-soluble polymer carriers play a significant role between these studied polymer systems as they are advantageously applied as carriers of low-molecular-weight drugs and compounds, e.g., cytostatic agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, antimicrobial molecules, or multidrug resistance inhibitors. Covalent attachment of carried molecules using a biodegradable spacer is strongly preferred, as such design ensures the controlled release of the drug in the place of a desired pharmacological effect in a reasonable time-dependent manner. Importantly, the synthetic polymer biomaterials based on N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers are recognized drug carriers with unique properties that nominate them among the most serious nanomedicines candidates for human clinical trials. This review focuses on advances in the development of HPMA copolymer-based nanomedicines within the passive and active targeting into the place of desired pharmacological effect, tumors, inflammation or bacterial infection sites. Specifically, this review highlights the safety issues of HPMA polymer-based drug carriers concerning the structure of nanomedicines. The main impact consists of the improvement of targeting ability, especially concerning the enhanced and permeability retention (EPR) effect.

• Keywords
• EPR effect, HPMA copolymers, controlled release, drug delivery, nanomedicines,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Design, controlled synthesis, physico-chemical and biological characteristics of novel well-defined biodegradable star-shaped copolymers intended for advanced drug delivery is described. These new biocompatible star copolymers were synthesised by grafting monodispersed semitelechelic linear (sL) N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers onto a 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bisMPA)-based polyester dendritic core of various structures. The hydrodynamic diameter of the star copolymer biomaterials can be tuned from 13 to 31 nm and could be adjusted to a given purpose by proper selection of the bisMPA dendritic core type and generation and by considering the sL copolymer molecular weight and polymer-to-core molar ratio. The hydrolytic degradation was proved for both the star copolymers containing either dendron or dendrimer core, showing the spontaneous hydrolysis in duration of few weeks. Finally, it was shown that the therapy with the biodegradable star conjugate with attached doxorubicin strongly suppresses the tumour growth in mice and is fully curative in most of the treated animals at dose corresponding approximately to one fourth of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) value. Both new biodegradable systems show superior efficacy and tumour accumulation over the first generation of star copolymers containing non-degradable PAMAM core.

• Keywords
• Cancer, Doxorubicin, Drug delivery, HPMA, Star-like polymers, bisMPA,
• MeSH
• Acrylamides MeSH
• Biocompatible Materials * MeSH
• Doxorubicin MeSH
• Pharmaceutical Preparations * MeSH
• Drug Delivery Systems MeSH
• Methacrylates MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
• Drug Carriers MeSH
• Polymers MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Acrylamides MeSH
• Biocompatible Materials * MeSH
• Doxorubicin MeSH
• hydroxypropyl methacrylate MeSH Browser
• Pharmaceutical Preparations * MeSH
• Methacrylates MeSH
• N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide MeSH Browser
• Drug Carriers MeSH
• Polymers MeSH

PURPOSE: Two different monoclonal antibody-targeted HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates, classic and starlike, were synthesized to be used for site-specific cancer therapy. The anti-mouse Thy-1.2 (IgG3) and two anti-human CD71/A (IgG1) and CD71/B (IgG2a) monoclonal antibodies were used as targeting structures. METHODS: Their binding and cytotoxic activity in vitro, body distribution, and anticancer activity in vivo were evaluated. RESULTS: The results of flow cytometric analysis showed comparable binding of classic and starlike conjugates to the target cells. The in vitro cytotoxic effect was 10-fold higher if cancer cells were exposed to the starlike conjugate compared to the classic one. Biodistribution studies showed that the starlike conjugate remained in a relatively high concentration in blood, whereas the classic conjugate was found in a 6.5-times lower amount. In contrast to the low antitumor activity of free doxorubicin and nontargeted HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugate, both anti-Thy-1.2 targeted conjugates (classic and starlike) cured all mice bearing T-cell lymphoma EL4. On the other hand, starlike conjugates containing anti-CD71/A or anti-CD71/B monoclonals as targeting structures were more effective against human colorectal cancer SW 620 than the classic one. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the starlike conjugates are more effective systems for targeted drug delivery and cancer treatment than classic conjugates.

• MeSH
• Cell Division drug effects   MeSH
• Doxorubicin chemistry   pharmacokinetics   pharmacology   MeSH
• Colorectal Neoplasms drug therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lymphoma, T-Cell drug therapy   MeSH
• Methacrylates chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Molecular Structure MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Mice, Inbred BALB C MeSH
• Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
• Prodrugs chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Antibiotics, Antineoplastic chemistry   pharmacokinetics   pharmacology   MeSH
• In Vitro Techniques MeSH
• Tissue Distribution MeSH
• Neoplasm Transplantation MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Doxorubicin MeSH
• hydroxypropyl methacrylate MeSH Browser
• Methacrylates MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal MeSH
• Prodrugs MeSH
• Antibiotics, Antineoplastic MeSH