BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to investigate biochemical and oxidative stress responses to experimental F. tularensis infection in European brown hares, an important source of human tularemia infections. METHODS: For these purposes we compared the development of an array of biochemical parameters measured in blood plasma using standard procedures of dry chemistry as well as electrochemical devices following a subcutaneous infection with a wild Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strain (a single dose of 2.6 × 10⁹ CFU pro toto). RESULTS: Subcutaneous inoculation of a single dose with 2.6 × 10⁹ colony forming units of a wild F. tularensis strain pro toto resulted in the death of two out of five hares. Plasma chemistry profiles were examined on days 2 to 35 post-infection. When compared to controls, the total protein, urea, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were increased, while albumin, glucose and amylase were decreased. Both uric and ascorbic acids and glutathione dropped on day 2 and then increased significantly on days 6 to 12 and 6 to 14 post-inoculation, respectively. There was a two-fold increase in lipid peroxidation on days 4 to 8 post-inoculation. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to all expectations, the present study demonstrates that the European brown hare shows relatively low susceptibility to tularemia. Therefore, the circumstances of tularemia in hares under natural conditions should be further studied.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• Francisella tularensis * MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• oxidační stres * MeSH
• sérový albumin metabolismus   MeSH
• tularemie metabolismus   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• zajíci * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• sérový albumin MeSH

The impact of Ixodes ricinus salivary gland extract (SGE) on inflammatory changes in the skin and draining lymph nodes of mice, elicited by the infection with the important human pathogen, B. afzelii, was determined using flow cytometry. SGE injected together with spirochetes reduced the numbers of leukocytes and gammadelta-T lymphocytes in infected epidermis at early time-points post infection. In draining lymph nodes, the anti-inflammatory effect of SGE was manifested by the decrease of total cell count compared with that in mice treated with inactivated SGE. Changes in subpopulations of immunocompetent cells apparently reflected the effect of SGE on the proliferation of spirochetes in the host. The significance of tick saliva anti-inflammatory effect for saliva activated transmission of B. afzelii is shown.

• MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi komplex růst a vývoj   MeSH
• klíšťata imunologie   MeSH
• kůže imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• lymeská nemoc imunologie   patologie   přenos   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• počet lymfocytů MeSH
• podskupiny lymfocytů MeSH
• slinné žlázy imunologie   MeSH
• tkáňové extrakty imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• tkáňové extrakty MeSH

When feeding on vertebrate host ticks (ectoparasitic arthropods and potential vectors of bacterial, rickettsial, protozoal, and viral diseases) induce both innate and specific acquired host-immune reactions as part of anti-tick defenses. In a resistant host immune defense can lead to reduced tick viability, sometimes resulting in tick death. Tick responds to the host immune attack by secreting saliva containing pharmacologically active molecules and modulating host immune response. Tick saliva-effected immunomodulation at the attachment site facilitates both tick feeding and enhances the success of transmission of pathogens from tick into the host. On the other hand, host immunization with antigens from tick saliva can induce anti-tick resistance and is seen to be able to induce immunity against pathogens transmitted by ticks. Many pharmacological properties of saliva described in ticks are shared widely among other blood-feeding arthropods.

• MeSH
• arachnida jako vektory MeSH
• imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• infestace klíšťaty imunologie   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita účinky léků   imunologie   MeSH
• klíšťata chemie   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci přenášené klíšťaty imunologie   přenos   MeSH
• slinné proteiny a peptidy farmakologie   MeSH
• slinné žlázy fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• slinné proteiny a peptidy MeSH