Molecular markers that enable monitoring of fungi in their natural environment or assist in the identification of specific strains would facilitate Trichoderma utilization, particularly as an agricultural biocontrol agent (BCA). In this study, sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene cluster, a fragment of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were applied to determine the genetic diversity of Trichoderma atroviride strains collected in Poland, and also in order to identify loci and PCR-based molecular markers useful in genetic variation assessment of that fungus. Although tef1 and RAPD analysis showed limited genetic diversity among T. atroviride strains collected in Poland, it was possible to distinguish major groups that clustered most of the analyzed strains. Polymorphic RAPD amplicons were cloned and sequenced, yielding sequences representing 13 T. atroviride loci. Based on these sequences, a set of PCR-based markers specific to T. atroviride was developed and examined. Three cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers could assist in distinguishing T. atroviride strains. The genomic regions identified may be useful for further exploration and development of more precise markers suitable for T. atroviride identification and monitoring, especially in environmental samples.

• MeSH
• DNA fungální chemie   genetika   MeSH
• elongační faktor 1 genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genetické lokusy * MeSH
• genetické markery MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
• Trichoderma klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA fungální MeSH
• elongační faktor 1 MeSH
• genetické markery MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH

Conditions for conidiation of a natural isolate of Trichoderma atroviride during submerged cultivation in Erlenmeyer flasks and in a laboratory stirred-tank fermenter were optimized. From the simple sugars tested, cellobiose was the best substrate for conidia production while cellulose fines from paper mill waste proved to be a suitable cheap complex carbon source. Optimum temperature for conidiation was 24-26 degrees C, and the required dissolved oxygen level was > 40% saturation. After initial slight decrease during the 1st d after inoculation, the pH of the culture medium constantly increased throughout the sporulation period. Attempts to regulate the pH during fermentation did not improve the spore yields. The most intense formation of conidia took place between 2nd and 3rd d of growth and the overall volumetric productivity of conidia was 4.1-8.2 x 10(9) conidia per L/h.

• MeSH
• bioreaktory mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fermentace fyziologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• metabolismus sacharidů fyziologie   MeSH
• mykologie metody   MeSH
• osmotický tlak MeSH
• spory hub fyziologie   MeSH
• Trichoderma růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH