Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 15155579
Epigenetic modifications, such as acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and ADP ribosylation, of the highly conserved core histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, influence the genetic potential of DNA. The enormous regulatory potential of histone modification is illustrated in the vast array of epigenetic markers found throughout the genome. More than the other types of histone modification, acetylation and methylation of specific lysine residues on N-terminal histone tails are fundamental for the formation of chromatin domains, such as euchromatin, and facultative and constitutive heterochromatin. In addition, the modification of histones can cause a region of chromatin to undergo nuclear compartmentalization and, as such, specific epigenetic markers are non-randomly distributed within interphase nuclei. In this review, we summarize the principles behind epigenetic compartmentalization and the functional consequences of chromatin arrangement within interphase nuclei.
- MeSH
- acetylace MeSH
- buněčné jádro metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- chromatin ultrastruktura MeSH
- chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové fyziologie MeSH
- epigeneze genetická MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- histony genetika metabolismus MeSH
- homolog proteinu s chromoboxem 5 MeSH
- inhibitory histondeacetylas MeSH
- interfáze MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy X metabolismus MeSH
- metylace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chromatin MeSH
- chromozomální proteiny, nehistonové MeSH
- histony MeSH
- homolog proteinu s chromoboxem 5 MeSH
- inhibitory histondeacetylas MeSH
Nuclear locations of the c-myc gene and its transcripts (c-myc (T)) have been investigated in relation to nuclear domains involved in RNA synthesis and processing. Transcription of the c-myc gene appears to be linked to the late G(1)- and preferentially to S-phases of the cell cycle. The c-myc gene and its transcripts were positioned non-randomly within the interphase nucleus; additionally, c-myc RNA signals accumulated at nucleoli. Using oligo-probes, designed to exon II and exon III of the c-myc gene, single c-myc (T) was preferentially observed in human carcinoma HT29 and A549 cells. Conversely, human embryonal teratocarcinoma NTERA cells were characterized by the presence of multiple c-myc RNA signals located in both the nucleoli and nucleoplasm. When accumulated at nucleoli, c-myc (T) occupied the periphery of this organelle, though not those associated with the cultivation surface. In HT29 cells, approximately 80% of c-myc (T) co-localized with the RNAP II positive regions, so-called transcription factories. However, in approximately 20% of the cells with c-myc transcripts, the c-myc (T) was released from the site of synthesis, and was not associated with either transcription factories or SC35 domains. In approximately 60% of nuclei with c-myc (T), these signals were located in close proximity to the SC35 regions, but promyelocytic leukaemia bodies were associated with c-myc (T) only in approximately 20% of the nuclei. Taken together, c-myc RNA signals were positioned in the most internal parts of the cell nuclei preferentially associated with the nucleoli. Specific nuclear and nucleolar positioning probably reflects the kinetics of c-myc RNA metabolism.
- MeSH
- buněčné jádro genetika metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- buňky HT-29 MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- genetická transkripce MeSH
- geny myc * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 8 MeSH
- messenger RNA metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové buňky kultivované MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-myc metabolismus MeSH
- RNA-polymerasa II metabolismus MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- messenger RNA MeSH
- MYC protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-myc MeSH
- RNA-polymerasa II MeSH
