Bone remodeling is energetically demanding process. Energy coming from nutrients present in the diet contributes to function of different cell type including osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts in bone marrow participating in bone homeostasis. With aging, obesity and osteoporosis the function of key building blocks, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), changes towards higher accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) and decreased bone mass, which is affected by diet and sex dimorphism. Men and women have unique nutritional needs based on physiological and hormonal changes across the life span. However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind these pathophysiological conditions in bone are not well-known. In this review, we focus on bone and BMAT physiology in men and women and how this approach has been taken by animal studies. Furthermore, we discuss the different diet interventions and impact on bone and BMAT in respect to sex differences. We also discuss the future perspective on precision nutrition with a consideration of sex-based differences which could bring better understanding of the diet intervention in bone health and weight management.

• Klíčová slova
• Nutrition, Diet composition, Bone, Bone marrow adiposity, Sex differences,
• MeSH
• adipozita * fyziologie   MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• kostní dřeň * metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• remodelace kosti fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring nonsteroidal phenolic plant compounds that, due to their molecular structure and size, resemble vertebrate steroids estrogens. This review is focused on plant flavonoids isoflavones, which are ranked among the most estrogenic compounds. The main dietary sources of isoflavones for humans are soybean and soybean products, which contain mainly daidzein and genistein. When they are consumed, they exert estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects. Isoflavones are considered chemoprotective and can be used as an alternative therapy for a wide range of hormonal disorders, including several cancer types, namely breast cancer and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, or menopausal symptoms. On the other hand, isoflavones may also be considered endocrine disruptors with possible negative influences on the state of health in a certain part of the population or on the environment. This review deals with isoflavone classification, structure, and occurrence, with their metabolism, biological, and health effects in humans and animals, and with their utilization and potential risks.

• Klíčová slova
• biochanin A, daidzein, equol, formononetin, genistein, glycitein, isoflavones, phytoestrogens,
• MeSH
• equol chemie   klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• fytoestrogeny chemie   klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• genistein chemie   klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• isoflavony chemie   klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biochanin A MeSH Prohlížeč
• daidzein MeSH Prohlížeč
• equol MeSH
• formononetin MeSH Prohlížeč
• fytoestrogeny MeSH
• genistein MeSH
• glycitein MeSH Prohlížeč
• isoflavony MeSH