The incredible success of crop breeding and agricultural innovation in the last century greatly contributed to the Green Revolution, which significantly increased yields and ensures food security, despite the population explosion. However, new challenges such as rapid climate change, deteriorating soil, and the accumulation of pollutants require much faster responses and more effective solutions that cannot be achieved through traditional breeding. Further prospects for increasing the efficiency of agriculture are undoubtedly associated with the inclusion in the breeding strategy of new knowledge obtained using high-throughput technologies and new tools in the future to ensure the design of new plant genomes and predict the desired phenotype. This article provides an overview of the current state of research in these areas, as well as the study of soil and plant microbiomes, and the prospective use of their potential in a new field of microbiome engineering. In terms of genomic and phenomic predictions, we also propose an integrated approach that combines high-density genotyping and high-throughput phenotyping techniques, which can improve the prediction accuracy of quantitative traits in crop species.

• Klíčová slova
• epigenetics, epigenomics, genome sequencing, genomic prediction, omics, plant microbiome, site-directed mutagenesis, transcriptome,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Reproduction success in angiosperm plants depends on robust pollen tube growth through the female pistil tissues to ensure successful fertilization. Accordingly, there is an apparent evolutionary trend to accumulate significant reserves during pollen maturation, including a population of stored mRNAs, that are utilized later for a massive translation of various proteins in growing pollen tubes. Here, we performed a thorough transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of stored and translated transcripts in three subcellular compartments of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), long-term storage EDTA/puromycin-resistant particles, translating polysomes, and free ribonuclear particles, throughout tobacco pollen development and in in vitro-growing pollen tubes. We demonstrated that the composition of the aforementioned complexes is not rigid and that numerous transcripts were redistributed among these complexes during pollen development, which may represent an important mechanism of translational regulation. Therefore, we defined the pollen sequestrome as a distinct and highly dynamic compartment for the storage of stable, translationally repressed transcripts and demonstrated its dynamics. We propose that EDTA/puromycin-resistant particle complexes represent aggregated nontranslating monosomes as the primary mediators of messenger RNA sequestration. Such organization is extremely useful in fast tip-growing pollen tubes, where rapid and orchestrated protein synthesis must take place in specific regions.

• MeSH
• polyribozomy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteom genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• pyl genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• pylová láčka genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• ribozomy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese metody   MeSH
• tabák genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteom MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH