Extramedullary disease (EMM) represents a rare, aggressive and mostly resistant phenotype of multiple myeloma (MM). EMM is frequently associated with high-risk cytogenetics, but their complex genomic architecture is largely unexplored. We used whole-genome optical mapping (Saphyr, Bionano Genomics) to analyse the genomic architecture of CD138+ cells isolated from bone-marrow aspirates from an unselected cohort of newly diagnosed patients with EMM (n = 4) and intramedullary MM (n = 7). Large intrachromosomal rearrangements (> 5 Mbp) within chromosome 1 were detected in all EMM samples. These rearrangements, predominantly deletions with/without inversions, encompassed hundreds of genes and led to changes in the gene copy number on large regions of chromosome 1. Compared with intramedullary MM, EMM was characterised by more deletions (size range of 500 bp-50 kbp) and fewer interchromosomal translocations, and two EMM samples had copy number loss in the 17p13 region. Widespread genomic heterogeneity and novel aberrations in the high-risk IGH/IGK/IGL, 8q24 and 13q14 regions were detected in individual patients but were not specific to EMM/MM. Our pilot study revealed an association of chromosome 1 abnormalities in bone marrow myeloma cells with extramedullary progression. Optical mapping showed the potential for refining the complex genomic architecture in MM and its phenotypes.

• MeSH
• buňky kostní dřeně patologie   MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie metody   MeSH
• chromozomální aberace * MeSH
• cytogenetické vyšetření metody   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kostní dřeň diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 1 * genetika   MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Plerixafor plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) enhances the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for collection and subsequent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This international, multicenter, noninterventional registry study (NCT01362972), evaluated long-term outcomes for MM patients who received plerixafor versus other mobilization regimens. The comparisons were: G-CSF + plerixafor (G-CSF + P) versus G-CSF-; G-CSF + P versus G-CSF + chemotherapy (G-CSF + C); and G-CSF + P + C versus G-CSF + C. Propensity score matching was used to balance groups. Primary outcome measures were progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) after transplantation. After propensity matching, 77 versus 41 patients in the G-CSF + P versus G-CSF cohorts, 129 versus 129 in the G-CSF + P versus G-CSF + C cohorts, and 117 versus 117 in the G-CSF + P + C versus G-CSF + C cohorts were matched, respectively. Propensity score matching resulted in a smaller sample size and imbalances were not completely overcome. For both PFS and OS, the upper limits of the hazard ratio 95% confidence intervals exceeded prespecified boundaries; noninferiority was not demonstrated. CIR rates were higher in the plerixafor cohorts. G-CSF + P remains an option for the mobilization of HSCs in poor mobilizers with MM with no substantial differences in PFS, OS, and CIR in comparison with other regimens.

• MeSH
• benzylaminy MeSH
• cyklamy MeSH
• heterocyklické sloučeniny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * terapie   MeSH
• mobilizace hematopoetických kmenových buněk MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzylaminy MeSH
• cyklamy MeSH
• heterocyklické sloučeniny * MeSH
• plerixafor MeSH Prohlížeč

PURPOSE: To provide an update on recent advances in the management of patients with multiple myeloma who are not eligible for autologous stem-cell transplantation. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature on diagnostic criteria is provided, and treatment options and management of adverse events are summarized. RESULTS: Patients with symptomatic disease and organ damage (ie, hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, or bone lesions) require immediate treatment. The International Staging System and chromosomal abnormalities identify high- and standard-risk patients. Proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, corticosteroids, and alkylating agents are the most active agents. The presence of concomitant diseases, frailty, or disability should be assessed and, if present, treated with reduced-dose approaches. Bone disease, renal damage, hematologic toxicities, infections, thromboembolism, and peripheral neuropathy are the most frequent disabling events requiring prompt and active supportive care. CONCLUSION: These recommendations will help clinicians ensure the most appropriate care for patients with myeloma in everyday clinical practice.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• paliativní péče MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH