Haploinsufficiency of FOXF1 causes alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV), a lethal neonatal lung developmental disorder. We describe two similar heterozygous CNV deletions involving the FOXF1 enhancer and re-analyze FOXF1 missense mutation, all associated with an unexpectedly mitigated disease phenotype. In one case, the deletion of the maternal allele of the FOXF1 enhancer caused pulmonary hypertension and histopathologically diagnosed MPV without the typical ACD features. In the second case, the deletion of the paternal enhancer resulted in ACDMPV rather than the expected neonatal lethality. In both cases, FOXF1 expression in lung tissue was higher than usually seen or expected in patients with similar deletions, suggesting an increased activity of the remaining allele of the enhancer. Sequencing of these alleles revealed two rare SNVs, rs150502618-A and rs79301423-T, mapping to the partially overlapping binding sites for TFAP2s and CTCF in the core region of the enhancer. Moreover, in a family with three histopathologically-diagnosed ACDMPV siblings whose missense FOXF1 mutation was inherited from the healthy non-mosaic carrier mother, we have identified a rare SNV rs28571077-A within 2-kb of the above-mentioned non-coding SNVs in the FOXF1 enhancer in the mother, that was absent in the affected newborns and 13 unrelated ACDMPV patients with CNV deletions of this genomic region. Based on the low population frequencies of these three variants, their absence in ACDMPV patients, the results of reporter assay, RNAi and EMSA experiments, and in silico predictions, we propose that the described SNVs might have acted on FOXF1 enhancer as hypermorphs.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• forkhead transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• genomový imprinting MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• missense mutace * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• sekvenční delece * MeSH
• syndrom přetrvávajícího fetálního oběhu genetika   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• zesilovače transkripce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• forkhead transkripční faktory MeSH
• FOXF1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen involved in many developmental processes. Injection of cells (5E1) that produce a Shh-blocking antibody causes an attenuation of the Shh response, and this causes vascular malformations and impaired remodeling characterized by hemorrhages and protrusions of the anterior cardinal vein and outflow tract, delayed fusion of the dorsal aortae, impaired branching of the internal carotid artery, and delayed remodeling of the aortic arches. Distribution of smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall is unchanged. In 5E1-injected embryos, we also observed impaired assembly of endothelial cells into vascular tubes, particularly in the sixth branchial arch, around the anterior cardinal vein and around the dorsal aorta. In 5E1-treated embryos, increased numbers of macrophage-like cells, apoptotic cells, and a decreased level of proliferation were observed in head mesenchyme. Together, these observations show that Shh signaling is required at multiple stages for proper vessel formation and remodeling.

• MeSH
• branchiální krajina embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• cévy embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• hybridizace in situ MeSH
• hybridomy MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• křepelky a křepelovití MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• myši MeSH
• proteiny hedgehog genetika   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• protilátky imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• ptačí proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transplantace buněk MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny hedgehog MeSH
• protilátky MeSH
• ptačí proteiny MeSH