Nejvíce citovaný článek - PubMed ID 18072246
Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in soil affects plants and soil fauna, yet the effect on microbial alpha-diversity remains unclear, mainly due to the absence of dedicated research synthesis (e.g. meta-analysis). Here, we report the first meta-analysis of the response of soil microbial alpha-diversity to the experimental addition of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu). We considered studies conducted between 2013 and 2022 using DNA metabarcoding of bacterial and fungal communities to overcome limitations of other cultivation- and electrophoresis-based techniques. Fungi were discarded due to the limited study number (i.e. 6 studies). Bacterial studies resulted in 66 independent experiments reported in 32 primary papers from four continents. We found a negative dose-dependent response for Cu but not for Cd for bacterial alpha-diversity in the environments, only for Cu additions exceeding 29.6 mg kg-1 (first loss of - 0.06% at 30 mg kg-1). The maximal loss of bacterial alpha-diversity registered was 13.89% at 3837 mg kg-1. Our results first highlight that bacterial communities behave differently to soil pollution depending on the metal. Secondly, our study suggests that even extreme doses of Cu do not cause a dramatic loss in alpha-diversity, highlighting how the behaviour of bacterial communities diverges from soil macro-organisms.
- Klíčová slova
- Alpha-diversity, Bacterial communities, Heavy metals, Meta-analysis, Rhizosphere, Sediment, Soil,
- MeSH
- Bacteria genetika MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * analýza MeSH
- měď analýza MeSH
- půda MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- těžké kovy * analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kadmium MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
- měď MeSH
- půda MeSH
- těžké kovy * MeSH
The aim of the study was the preparation of a liposome complex with encapsulated lead ions, which were electrochemically detected. In particular, experiments were focused on the potential of using an electrochemical method for the determination of free and liposome-encapsulated lead and determination of the encapsulation efficiency preventing the lead toxicity. Primarily, encapsulation of lead ions in liposomes and confirmation of successful encapsulation by electrochemical methods was done. Further, the reduction effect of the liposome matrix on the detected electrochemical signal was monitored. Besides encapsulation itself, comparison of toxicity of free lead ions and lead ions encapsulated in liposome was tested. The calculated IC50 values for evaluating the lead cytotoxicity showed significant differences between the lead enclosed in liposomes (28 µM) and free lead ions (237 µM). From the cytotoxicity studies on the bacterial strain of S. aureus it was observed that the free lead ions are less toxic in comparison with lead encapsulated in liposomes. Liposomes appear to be a suitable carrier of various substances through the inner cavity. Due to the liposome structure the lead enclosed in the liposome is more easily accepted into the cell structure and the toxicity of the enclosed lead is higher in comparison to free lead ions.
Cadmium, as a hazardous pollutant commonly present in the living environment, represents an important risk to human health due to its undesirable effects (oxidative stress, changes in activities of many enzymes, interactions with biomolecules including DNA and RNA) and consequent potential risk, making its detection very important. New and unique technological and biotechnological approaches for solving this problems are intensely sought. In this study, we used the commonly occurring potential pathogenic microorganism Staphylococcus aureus for the determination of markers which could be used for sensing of cadmium(II) ions. We were focused on monitoring the effects of different cadmium(II) ion concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 μg mL(-1)) on the growth and energetic metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus. Highly significant changes have been detected in the metabolism of thiol compounds-specifically the protein metallothionein (0.79-26.82 mmol/mg of protein), the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (190-5,827 μmol/min/mg of protein), and sulfhydryl groups (9.6-274.3 μmol cysteine/mg of protein). The ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione indicated marked oxidative stress. In addition, dramatic changes in urease activity, which is connected with resistance of bacteria, were determined. Further, the effects of cadmium(II) ions on the metabolic pathways of arginine, β-glucosidase, phosphatase, N-acetyl β-d-glucosamine, sucrose, trehalose, mannitol, maltose, lactose, fructose and total proteins were demonstrated. A metabolomic profile of Staphylococcus aureus under cadmium(II) ion treatment conditions was completed seeking data about the possibility of cadmium(II) ion accumulation in cells. The results demonstrate potential in the application of microorganisms as modern biosensor systems based on biological components.
- Klíčová slova
- Brdicka reaction, Staphylococcus aureus, biosensor, cadmium, electrochemistry, high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, metabolic activity, metabolome, microbiome, spectrophotometry, voltammetry,
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky metody MeSH
- disacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky MeSH
- fosfatasy metabolismus MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiondisulfid metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- hydrolasy metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- metalothionein metabolismus MeSH
- monosacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- sulfhydrylové sloučeniny metabolismus MeSH
- ureasa metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arginine deiminase MeSH Prohlížeč
- disacharidy MeSH
- fosfatasy MeSH
- glutathion MeSH
- glutathiondisulfid MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa MeSH
- hydrolasy MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
- metalothionein MeSH
- monosacharidy MeSH
- proteiny MeSH
- sulfhydrylové sloučeniny MeSH
- ureasa MeSH
