Pulsed electric field (PEF) has previously been recognized as a method of gentle food processing, and its use has been shown to be helpful in reducing the levels of toxigenic Fusarium micromycetes developed during malting. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of PEF on gene expression and metabolite production at the pre-finishing stage of barley malting by using a novel multi-omics data-driven approach. The study helps to uncover the processes occurring in the germinated grain and discusses the up-/downregulation of genes and metabolites in relation to fungal infection and/or PEF-induced abiotic stress. Among the factors upregulated by PEF and previously described as supportive against Fusarium diseases, we identified the increased expression of genes encoding vegetative gp1-like protein, which positively correlated with flavonoids, (methylsulfanyl)prop-2-enoates, triterpenoid glycosides, and indole alkaloids. On the other hand, some genes associated with barley resistance to fungal infection were also overexpressed in the untreated control (in particular, genes encoding ethylene response factor 3-like, putrescine hydroxycinnamoyltransferase 3-like, and dirigent protein 21-like). This study provides the first 'data-driven' basic research results that contribute to the understanding of the role of PEF as an effective fungal decontamination strategy and allows the formulation of new hypotheses related to Fusarium pathogen crosstalk.

• Klíčová slova
• Fusarium micromycetes, abiotic stress, barley, metabolomics, multi-omics, pulsed electric field, transcriptomics,
• MeSH
• dekontaminace * metody   MeSH
• elektřina * MeSH
• Fusarium * patogenita   MeSH
• ječmen (rod) * mikrobiologie   genetika   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• jedlá semena * mikrobiologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• multiomika MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is widely used for the determination of mycotoxins in cereals and cereal-based products. In addition to the regulated mycotoxins, for which official control is required, LC-MS is often used for the screening of a large range of mycotoxins and/or for the identification and characterization of novel metabolites. This review provides insight into the LC-MS methods used for the determination of co-occurring mycotoxins with special emphasis on multiple-analyte applications. The first part of the review is focused on targeted LC-MS approaches using cleanup methods such as solid-phase extraction and immunoaffinity chromatography, as well as on methods based on minimum cleanup (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe; QuEChERS) and dilute and shoot. The second part of the review deals with the untargeted determination of mycotoxins by LC coupled with high-resolution MS, which includes also metabolomics techniques to study the fate of mycotoxins in plants.

• Klíčová slova
• Fungal secondary metabolites, Liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, Metabolomics, Validation,
• MeSH
• analýza potravin metody   MeSH
• chromatografie afinitní metody   MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi metody   MeSH
• houby izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• jedlá semena chemie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• metabolomika metody   MeSH
• mykotoxiny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mykotoxiny MeSH