The innate immune system consists of functionally specialized "modules" that are activated in response to a particular set of stimuli via sensors located on the surface or inside the tissue cells. These cells screen tissues for a wide range of exogenous and endogenous danger/damage-induced signals with the aim to reject or tolerate them and maintain tissue integrity. In this line of thinking, inflammation evolved as an adaptive tool for restoring tissue homeostasis. A number of diseases are mediated by a maladaptation of the innate immune response, perpetuating chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Here, we review recent evidence on the cross talk between innate immune sensors and development of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. In relation to the latter topic, there is a growing body of evidence that aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis results from long-term maladaptation of periprosthetic tissues to the presence of by-products continuously released from an artificial joint.

• MeSH
• lektiny typu C metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoartróza imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• osteolýza patofyziologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita fyziologie   MeSH
• protézy kloubů škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• receptor pro konečné produkty pokročilé glykace MeSH
• receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory imunologické metabolismus   MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• signální adaptorové proteiny Nod metabolismus   MeSH
• toll-like receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lektiny typu C MeSH
• receptor pro konečné produkty pokročilé glykace MeSH
• receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární MeSH
• receptory imunologické MeSH
• signální adaptorové proteiny Nod MeSH
• toll-like receptory MeSH

BACKGROUND: At present time the number of implantations of joint replacements as well as their revisions increases. Higher demands are required on the quality and longevity of implants. The aim of this work was to determine the degree of oxidative degradation and the amount of free/residual radicals in selected ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components of the joint replacements and demonstrate that the measured values are closely connected with quality and lifetime of the polymer components. METHODS: We tested both new (4 samples) and explanted (4 samples) UHMWPE polymers for total joint replacements. The samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), electron spin resonance (ESR) and microhardness (MH) test. The IR measurements yielded the values of oxidation index and trans-vinylene index. The ESR measurements gave the free radicals concentration. RESULTS: In the group of new polyethylene components, we found oxidation index values ranging from 0.00-0.03 to 0.24. The trans-vinylene index values ranged from 0.044 to 0.080. The value of free radical concentration was zero in virgin and also in sample of Beznoska Company and non-zero in the other samples. In the group of explanted components, the measured values were associated with their history, micromechanical properties and performance in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that measuring of oxidative damage may help the orthopaedic surgeon in estimating the quality of UHMWPE replacement component and thus radically to avoid early joint replacement failure due to worse polyethylene quality.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály chemie   MeSH
• elektronová paramagnetická rezonance MeSH
• krystalizace MeSH
• kyčelní protézy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• polyethyleny chemie   MeSH
• protézy kolene * MeSH
• reoperace MeSH
• selhání protézy MeSH
• spektrofotometrie infračervená MeSH
• testování materiálů MeSH
• tvrdost MeSH
• volné radikály analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• polyethyleny MeSH
• ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene MeSH Prohlížeč
• volné radikály MeSH

Wear debris, of deferent sizes, shapes and quantities, generated in artificial hip and knees is largely confined to the bone and joint interface. This debris interacts with periprosthetic tissue and may cause aseptic loosening. The purpose of this review is to summarize and collate findings of the recent demonstrations on debris characterization and their biological response that influences the occurrence in implant migration. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature is performed, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria addressing mainly debris isolation, characterization, and biologic responses. Results show that debris characterization largely depends on their appropriate and accurate isolation protocol. The particles are found to be non-uniform in size and non-homogeneously distributed into the periprosthetic tissues. In addition, the sizes, shapes, and volumes of the particles are influenced by the types of joints, bearing geometry, material combination, and lubricant. Phagocytosis of wear debris is size dependent; high doses of submicron-sized particles induce significant level of secretion of bone resorbing factors. However, articles on wear debris from engineered surfaces (patterned and coated) are lacking. The findings suggest considering debris morphology as an important parameter to evaluate joint simulator and newly developed implant materials.

• Klíčová slova
• biological response, isolation, morphology, nano-toxicity, wear debris,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH